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The original DNA sequence when ,transcribed and translated would yield five successive valine residues. But the altered sequence would correspondingly read one aspartate and four serine residues. Mutations resulting from the addition or deletion of base pairs are called frameshift mutations. So far we have discussed the several ways in which the genetic material could be altered. Mutations could be either spontaneous or induced. In recent years there has been a more clear understanding of the causes of mutational process. Tautomeric shifts, ultraviolet radiations, chemicals such as hydroxylarnine, nitrous acid and a variety of alkylating agents can cause permanent alterations of nitrogenous bases. Aromatic compounds such as acridines can cause addition or deletion of one to more than twenty bases in DNA. We have briefly discussed mutations, a way or source of variability in natural populations. Together with recombinations occurring'at the tjnie of meiosis they form the raw materials for selection to act on. Before we discuss briefly about recombination, let us have a quick look at mutation rates in organisms.
Cell wall is the structure produced by some of the cells outside their cell membrane; variously composed of the chitin, peptidoglycan, or cellulose.
Types of Cleavage a) Radial Type : If each of the blastomeres of upper tier lies exactly over the corresponding blastomeres of the lower tier the pattern of cleavage is radia
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROKARYOTIC & EUKARYOTIC CELLS S . N o . CHA R AC T ERS P R O K AR Y O T I C CELL
What is Sports Nutrition? Sports nutrition is a discipline which applies principles derived not only from nutritional but also biochemical and physiological scientific knowled
Transcription in eukaryotes, a much more complex procedure than in prokaryotes. In the eukaryotes, translation and transcription take place in several cellular compartments that ar
Fixed-Dose Combinations A combination formulation of rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide (Rifater) is approved by the FDA for the initial 2 months of daily anti-tuberculosis
Major role in contributing towards motivation. Psychological factors: Depression, anxiety or phobia induced by illness, life- style changes or medication effects, may hinder
Chemical Stress - Mineral composition The living systems make use of several mineral ions that they might have encountered at the very origin or during evolution, particularly
Q. Which are nucleotides "portions" that to bind in the formation of nucleic acids? What is meant by the 5' and 3' extremities of the nucleic acids? The phosphate group of one
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