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The original DNA sequence when ,transcribed and translated would yield five successive valine residues. But the altered sequence would correspondingly read one aspartate and four serine residues. Mutations resulting from the addition or deletion of base pairs are called frameshift mutations. So far we have discussed the several ways in which the genetic material could be altered. Mutations could be either spontaneous or induced. In recent years there has been a more clear understanding of the causes of mutational process. Tautomeric shifts, ultraviolet radiations, chemicals such as hydroxylarnine, nitrous acid and a variety of alkylating agents can cause permanent alterations of nitrogenous bases. Aromatic compounds such as acridines can cause addition or deletion of one to more than twenty bases in DNA. We have briefly discussed mutations, a way or source of variability in natural populations. Together with recombinations occurring'at the tjnie of meiosis they form the raw materials for selection to act on. Before we discuss briefly about recombination, let us have a quick look at mutation rates in organisms.
How Peroxisomes formed Peroxisomes are formed within the cell from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum by a process of budding. Peroxisomes found in the kidney and liver cells are
Q. What is the lymphatic system? The lymphatic system is a network of specialized valved vessels that drain interstitial fluid (lymph), the lymphatic system is as well responsi
What are the benefits of increasing the growth of bifidobacteria? Bifidobacteria displaces potential pathogens selectively, showing an antibiotic like effect, which is unrelate
Explain the Physiology of Lactation? Lactogenesis is the onset of copious milk secretion around parturition, triggered by a fall in plasma progesterone levels. Although some co
State two characteristics of humans which distinguish them from other primates. Two features which differentiate humans from other primates are their upright posture and their
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Explain the Liver organ? The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body. It lies just below the diaphragm in the upper right area of the abdominal cavity. It is an i
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