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The original DNA sequence when ,transcribed and translated would yield five successive valine residues. But the altered sequence would correspondingly read one aspartate and four serine residues. Mutations resulting from the addition or deletion of base pairs are called frameshift mutations. So far we have discussed the several ways in which the genetic material could be altered. Mutations could be either spontaneous or induced. In recent years there has been a more clear understanding of the causes of mutational process. Tautomeric shifts, ultraviolet radiations, chemicals such as hydroxylarnine, nitrous acid and a variety of alkylating agents can cause permanent alterations of nitrogenous bases. Aromatic compounds such as acridines can cause addition or deletion of one to more than twenty bases in DNA. We have briefly discussed mutations, a way or source of variability in natural populations. Together with recombinations occurring'at the tjnie of meiosis they form the raw materials for selection to act on. Before we discuss briefly about recombination, let us have a quick look at mutation rates in organisms.
Palynofossil s (Microfossils) - Fossils of planktons, diatoms, unicellular algae (diatoms) and shelled protozoans. (Heliozoans, Radiolarian and Foraminifera). Its finding in s
A cDNA library is made by using the reverse transcriptase of a retrovirus to synthesize cDNA (complementary DNA) copies of the total mRNA from a cell (or perhaps a subfraction
Tissue Culture It is an important technique for maintaining a'pm or piece of animal or plant tissue alive after their culture dishes. It is necessary to provide an environment
Determination of vitamin B 12 Spectrophotometric determination of the characteristic ultraviolet absorption is suitable for the determination of pure vitamin B 12 or of pure
Exploitation of Forests Exploitation of our forests for commercial purposes and for food and fodder cannot be stopped completely because of symbiotic relationship between fore
Q. Define characteristic of Doppler Echocardiographic? Ans. Doppler findings of cardiac tarnponade are based on the following characteristic respiratory variations in intr
Why is Volvocine Protozoa not considered an animal?
Scaling Instrumentation of prothesis Although stainless steel is generally the most effective material for removing calculus, it cannot be used with implants, because it scratc
Q. What is the name of the cytoplasm division in the end of mitosis and what are the differences in this process between animal and plant cells? Cytoplasm division occurs afte
Eyes Check for conjuctivitis, epicanthal folds, and observe the inner canthus of both eyes. Look for squint, nystagmus, trauma, lacrimal duct obstruction, corneal opacity, c
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