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The original DNA sequence when ,transcribed and translated would yield five successive valine residues. But the altered sequence would correspondingly read one aspartate and four serine residues. Mutations resulting from the addition or deletion of base pairs are called frameshift mutations. So far we have discussed the several ways in which the genetic material could be altered. Mutations could be either spontaneous or induced. In recent years there has been a more clear understanding of the causes of mutational process. Tautomeric shifts, ultraviolet radiations, chemicals such as hydroxylarnine, nitrous acid and a variety of alkylating agents can cause permanent alterations of nitrogenous bases. Aromatic compounds such as acridines can cause addition or deletion of one to more than twenty bases in DNA. We have briefly discussed mutations, a way or source of variability in natural populations. Together with recombinations occurring'at the tjnie of meiosis they form the raw materials for selection to act on. Before we discuss briefly about recombination, let us have a quick look at mutation rates in organisms.
Q. Write the definition of counselling? Definition of counselling "A process of helping or enabling a person / persons to solve certain interpersonal, emotional problems and
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Evolution of Metazoa The sponges, coming under phylum Porifera are the closest to Protista, and can perhaps be regarded even as a colony of protists rather than being multicel
Explain Precautions for capsule staining in a culture? 1. Never heat fix the smear. This is because by heating shrinkage can occur which may create a clear zone around the cell
Q. In which nephron portion does the regulation of alkalinity and acidity of the plasma occur? The regulation of the acid-basic equilibrium of the body is done by the kidneys a
T ra n sge n i c animals There are various definitions for the term transgenic animal . The transgenic animal is an animal in which there has been a deliberate modifica
Explain about the Derived Proteins? These are not naturally taking place proteins and are obtained from simple proteins by the action of enzymes and chemical agents, heat, mech
Q. In arthropods why isn't gas exchange done through cutaneous diffusion? In arthropods the impermeability of the exoskeleton makes the way of gases difficult. In addition the
Q Do beings of the class Reptilia have indirect or direct development? In beings of the class Reptilia the embryonic development is direct. So there is no larval stage. Q.
Of which substance do elastic fibers of the connective tissue are made? What are some functions of these fibers? The elastic fibers are made of a protein called elastin. Ela
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