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The original DNA sequence when ,transcribed and translated would yield five successive valine residues. But the altered sequence would correspondingly read one aspartate and four serine residues. Mutations resulting from the addition or deletion of base pairs are called frameshift mutations. So far we have discussed the several ways in which the genetic material could be altered. Mutations could be either spontaneous or induced. In recent years there has been a more clear understanding of the causes of mutational process. Tautomeric shifts, ultraviolet radiations, chemicals such as hydroxylarnine, nitrous acid and a variety of alkylating agents can cause permanent alterations of nitrogenous bases. Aromatic compounds such as acridines can cause addition or deletion of one to more than twenty bases in DNA. We have briefly discussed mutations, a way or source of variability in natural populations. Together with recombinations occurring'at the tjnie of meiosis they form the raw materials for selection to act on. Before we discuss briefly about recombination, let us have a quick look at mutation rates in organisms.
The straight line represents the domains of polar/charged amino acids and the boxes represent domains of non-polar amino acids. One specific domain is labeled X.In a vinegar and wa
Q. What is Cholesterol? In its free, unesterified form cholesterol is a major component (together with phospolipid) of cell membranes. Its presence helps to stabilize membrane
Explain Defensive Proteins These proteins protect against diseases. Antibodies are the example of defensive proteins. These combat bacteria and viruses. Also, immunoglobulins,
Q. Areas affected in peptic ulcer? The areas affected in peptic ulcer (due to erosion) can be: 1. Lower part of the oesophagus. 2, stomach (lesser curvature - an urn, whe
Assume that you have a stock solution of epinephrine at a concentration of 1mg/ml. Further assume that there are 20 drops/ml. a. Calculate the number of drops of the stock solution
What is the role of the ozone layer for living beings? Ozone, O3, is a gas of the atmosphere that filters ultraviolet radiation from the sun disallowing most of that radiation
Frenal and Muscle Attachments: Frenal attachment at the site of implant placement has to be evaluated. A high frenal attachment may have a definite pull on the gingival surroun
Types of Variations - Somatogenic and Blastogenic Variation Changes in somatic parts of the body are somatic variations e.g. wrestler's muscle, circumcised penis of mus
Q. What is continuous full thickness incision? 2. Continuous full - thickness incisions are indicated for a variety of situations outlined below. This type of incision may be u
Which of the following statement is false regarding the method of recombination or crossing-over? A. Crossing-over takes place during prophase I of meiosis B. Recombination
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