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The original DNA sequence when ,transcribed and translated would yield five successive valine residues. But the altered sequence would correspondingly read one aspartate and four serine residues. Mutations resulting from the addition or deletion of base pairs are called frameshift mutations. So far we have discussed the several ways in which the genetic material could be altered. Mutations could be either spontaneous or induced. In recent years there has been a more clear understanding of the causes of mutational process. Tautomeric shifts, ultraviolet radiations, chemicals such as hydroxylarnine, nitrous acid and a variety of alkylating agents can cause permanent alterations of nitrogenous bases. Aromatic compounds such as acridines can cause addition or deletion of one to more than twenty bases in DNA. We have briefly discussed mutations, a way or source of variability in natural populations. Together with recombinations occurring'at the tjnie of meiosis they form the raw materials for selection to act on. Before we discuss briefly about recombination, let us have a quick look at mutation rates in organisms.
Define Factors Affecting Energy Expenditure and Requirement? As mentioned earlier, the energy needs vary widely among individuals in a group. Why? A number of factors cause the
Genome is the whole compliment of genetic material in the form of the permanently maintained DNA for the particular given organism. Its size is usually given as its total number o
Diagnosis Clinical signs: In most of the cases in initial stages like bacterial infections there is leucocytosis with neutrophilia, which at later stages of the disease may c
Q. How do bones grow? Bones form and develop through a process known as ossification. There are two types of ossification: endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossific
How Drugs Increase Food Intake? You must understand that drugs may also increase food intake. This is because they can: Stimulate appetite : This is a common side effect
Q. Shifting attention by Dopamine? Dopamine: Dopamine plays a pivotal role in aspects of shifting attention. Administration of D1/D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol impairs the
Formation of Gemmules Throughout the formation of gemmules, masses of food - laden amoebocytes called archaeocytes feed on other cells and lay down in within them. They get s
Malpighian Tubules Other arthropods like insects and myriapods and arachnids have Malpighian tubules, the outgrowths of alimentary canal like excretory organs. Malpighian tub
Q. What is the normal duration of the menstrual cycle? How does the calendar contraceptive method work? The normal duration of the menstrual cycle is 28 days but it can vary am
Q. Enumerate the anatomic consequences of edentulism? The anatomic consequences of edentulism include the effect of edentulism on bone and soft tissues. Basal bone forms the de
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