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The original DNA sequence when ,transcribed and translated would yield five successive valine residues. But the altered sequence would correspondingly read one aspartate and four serine residues. Mutations resulting from the addition or deletion of base pairs are called frameshift mutations. So far we have discussed the several ways in which the genetic material could be altered. Mutations could be either spontaneous or induced. In recent years there has been a more clear understanding of the causes of mutational process. Tautomeric shifts, ultraviolet radiations, chemicals such as hydroxylarnine, nitrous acid and a variety of alkylating agents can cause permanent alterations of nitrogenous bases. Aromatic compounds such as acridines can cause addition or deletion of one to more than twenty bases in DNA. We have briefly discussed mutations, a way or source of variability in natural populations. Together with recombinations occurring'at the tjnie of meiosis they form the raw materials for selection to act on. Before we discuss briefly about recombination, let us have a quick look at mutation rates in organisms.
Hydrocarbon (HC): Hydrocarbons such as methane, ethylene, acetylene is present in air. Most of these are low molecular weight gases and liquids at ordinary temperature. Sour
A cell frequently wants to secrete larger molecules than can be accommodated through the transport systems dealt with in Topic E3. Exocytoses get to the movement of proteins out of
In a test cross: A.alleles of two genes is always involved. B.One parent must be homozygous recessive C.the physical manifestation of a trait can be deterimined. D.both A and C are
The treatment of hyperlipidemia requires two approaches: Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) and medications. To achieve target LDL levels, most patients need both approaches si
Q. Explain Genetically Modified Organisms? Techniques that use gene modification through (a) recombinant DNA technology and (b) cellular techniques of introducing DNA into an o
a) Name the mineral elements needed by (i) bones, (ii) red blood cells, (iii) the thyroid gland b) Which of these elements is (i) present in milk, (b) lacking in milk?
Q. How does self infection by tapeworms occur? The Taeniasis patients may develop the most severe form of the worm infection, cysticercosis, because their feces contain eggs
The eukaryotic cell The eukaryotic cell is a complex unit and contains many structural features not seen in in the simple prokaryotic cell. Fig below shows the details of vario
FAC E - It lies under the anterior part of cranium. It is composed of 14 bones. These includes 2 nasals, 2 maxillae, 2 palatine, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrymals, 2 inferior
What is Microtubules? Microtubules are the largest intracellular fibers, with a diameter of about 25 nm (2.5 x 10-8 meters). They consist of hollow fibers composed of a protein
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