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Table Handling
In RDBMS more than one table can be tackled at a time by using join operation. Join operation is a relational operation that causes 2 tables with a common domain to be joined into a single table or view. SQL states a join implicitly by referring the matching of common columns over which tables are connected in a WHERE clause. Two tables may be connected when each haves a column that shares a common domain with the other. The result of join operation is to be called a single table. Selected columns from all the tables are contained. Every row returned contains data from rows in the dissimilar input tables where values for the common columns match. A vital rule of table handling is that there should be one condition within the WHERE clause for every pair of tables being joined. Therefore if two tables are to be combined, one condition would be essential, but if three tables (X, Y, Z) are to be combined then two conditions would be necessary because there are two pairs of tables (X-Y and Y-Z) OR (X-Z and Y-Z), and so forth. There are various possible types of joins in relational database queries. Four types of join operations are define below:
Define query optimization. Query optimization refers to the process of search the lowest -cost method of evaluating a given query.
Complete replication: It implies maintaining of a whole copy of the database at every site. Thus, the reliability & availability and performance for query response are maximized.
Example: Consider the following relations: ROLLNO NAME ADDRESS COURSE_ID 100 Ka
Boyce-Code Normal Form (BCNF) A relationship is said to be in BCNF if it is already in 3NF and the left hand side of each dependency is a candidate key. A relation who is in 3N
Example : Search the name, department number and salary of employees drawing minimum salary in that department. SELECT ENAME, SAL, DEPTNO FROM EMP WHERE SAL IN (SELECT MI
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E-R model uses this symbol to represent weak entity set ? A Doubly outlined rectangle symbol is used to represent weak entity set.
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