Swap market, Financial Management

Assignment Help:

Swap Market:

The fall of Bretton Wood system in early 1970s weakened of the pound. It was imperative to stop the downward slide of the pound. In order to control the flow of foreign exchange during 1970s the British Government imposed various types of restrictions. The British firms were not allowed to undertake large-scale investments or big projects outside the country without paying heavy prices. These restrictions eroded the competitiveness of the British firms in the overseas market. Therefore, these firms engineered a methodology by which they could raise funds and make overseas investments. These firms started taking loans in home currency and exchanged them with their counterparts abroad. For example, a firm willing to make investments in America would take loans in British pounds in UK and exchange it with a company in US which has taken a loan in US dollars. Thus genesis of the Swaps market emerged from these transactions.

The emergence of the swap market in the earlier period was not free from obstacles. The problem was of mounting paper work and accounting. The loans undertaken by the firms were two separate transactions, which caused inflationary figures in the balance sheet. The banks in evaluating such companies could not rate them higher because of the data reflected in the balance sheet. But introduction of the Currency swap, the first formal swap instrument, alleviated the problem. Thereafter the underlying principal was treated as an off-balance sheet item.

The swap market thus came into existence in the late seventies as the currency traders employed the technique of swaps to evade the British controls on the movement of foreign currency. The swap on currency was earlier in the form of back-to-back parallel loans. Parallel loans/back-to-back loans are currency agreements whereby a UK holding company will lend pounds to the US subsidiary in the UK and the US firm will lend dollars to the UK subsidiary in the US to avoid exchange control. But these transactions during the earlier period were not only expensive but also time consuming, because no structured environment/ market existed.

 


Related Discussions:- Swap market

Categorization of management risk , Categorization of management risk: ...

Categorization of management risk: Once each event has been evaluated, and been classified as to its probability and impact, the next step is to categorise those events. To do

What is capital rationing, What is capital rationing? Should a firm practic...

What is capital rationing? Should a firm practice capital rationing? Why? Capital rationing is the practice of putting dollar limits on what will be invested in new capital bud

Explain profit maximization approach, Q. Explain Profit Maximization Approa...

Q. Explain Profit Maximization Approach? (i) Best Criterion on Decision-Making:- The goal of revenue maximization is regarded as the best criterion of decision-making as it off

Immunization, In 1952, to provide equilibrium between assets and liab...

In 1952, to provide equilibrium between assets and liabilities of insurance companies, Frank Redington, an English actuary, proposed interest rate immunization te

Agency policy theorem, How might management try to solve the problems foun...

How might management try to solve the problems found in agency theorem

Multiperiod compounding, where you deposit 1000dollars at the end of each y...

where you deposit 1000dollars at the end of each year for 4 years, what will be the amount of deposits at the end of each year if it is compounded at 12% semi-annually?

Analysis of the capacity to pay, In addition to management quality, a...

In addition to management quality, an assessment of the financial capacity of a company should also include an evaluation of trends, regulatory environment, basic

Leverage, Evaluate d importance of leverage in a financial management of a ...

Evaluate d importance of leverage in a financial management of a small sacle business

Financial crisis , a)  Tonddu plc is expected to report record earnings of ...

a)  Tonddu plc is expected to report record earnings of £120m next year.  It has grown rapidly over the last few years, the growth has been achieved by maintaining a high level of

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd