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A super key is an attribute or set of attributes used to recognize the records uniquely in a relation.
For instance, in the Relation PERSON defines earlier PERSON_ID is a super key since PERSON_ID is unique for every person. Likewise (PERSON_ID, AGE) and (PERSON_ID, NAME) are also super keys of the relation PERSON as their combination is also unique for each record.
What are three components of the schema architecture proposed by ANSI/SPARC? The three component schema architecture proposed by ANSI/SPARC is as given below: External sche
Consider the following frequency counts of some itemsets in a transaction database r : freq({A}, r) = 0.405 freq({B}, r) = 0.510 freq({C}, r) = 0.303 freq({A
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
The advantages of a database management system (DBMS) include :- Data integrity and elimination of duplication.
Example : Create a sequence named SEQSS that starts at 105, has a step of 1 and can take maximum value as 2000. CREATE SEQUENCE SEQSS START WITH 105 INCREMENT BY 1 MAX VA
Rules Of Data Normalisation Let us now summarise Normalisation with the help of various clean rules. The following are the necessary rules for the Normalisation process: 1.
How to Insert data in your table from another table? insert into e.g, To insert tuples from employee into N_emp created above, use following statement Insert into N_emp
Consider the two relations given below Given that A is the primary key of R, D is the primary key of S and there is a referential integrity among S.A and R.A, discuss all
Three Level Architecture of DBMS or Logical DBMS Architecture The logical architecture defines how data in the database is perceived by users. It is not deals with how the da
Relational and E-R Model There are three types of constraints on relational database that have: DOMAIN CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT
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