Suffix - iupac system of naming organic compounds, Chemistry

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Suffix - IUPAC System of Naming Organic Compounds

The word root is associated to the suffix that may be primary or secondary or both of them.

(a) Primary suffix: A primary suffix is added to the word root to point out whether the carbon chain is saturated or not saturated.

Table

Type of carbon chain	Primary suffix	General name
Saturated (C - C)	-ane	Alkane
Unsaturated (C = C)	-ene	Alkene
Unsaturated (C º C)	-yne	Alkyne

If the parent chain comprises two, three or more triple or double bonds, after that the numerical prefixes like di (for two), tri (for three), tetra (for four), etc. are added to the primary suffix.

(b) Secondary suffix: After that a secondary suffix is added to the word root after the primary suffix to point out the functional group present in the organic compound.

Table

Class of org. compound	Functional group	Secondary suffix
Alcohols	-OH	-ol
Aldehydes	- CHO	-al
Ketones	> C = O	-one
Carboxylic acids	- COOH	-oic acid
Esters	- COOR	alkyl.... oate
Acid chlorides	- COCl	-oyl chloride
Acid amides	- CONH₂	-amide
Nitriles	- CºN	-nitrile
Amines	- NH₂	-amine
Thiol	- SH	thiol

It might be noted that while adding the secondary suffix to the primary suffix, the terminal 'e' of the primary suffix (that is ane, ene and yne) is droped if the secondary suffix starts with a vowel but is retained if the secondary suffix starts with a consonant. As specified in the table below:

Organic compound	CH₃CH₂OH	CH₃CH₂CN
Word root	Eth	Prop
Primary suffix	an (e)*	ane
Secondary suffix	ol	nitrile
IUPAC name	Ethanol	Propanenitrile

The terminal 'e' from the primary suffix has been dropped as the secondary suffix that is 'ol' starts with a vowel 'o'.

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