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Structure of Client Server Systems:In client/server architecture, clients show users who require services while servers give services. Both client and server are a combination of hardware & software. Servers are divided logical objects that communicate with clients over a network to do tasks together. A client makes a request for a service & receives a reply to that request. A server gets & processes a request, and sends back the needed response. The client/server systems may have two different types of architecture -
2-Tier and 3-Tier Client/Server Architectures
Each client/server application contains three functional units:
These functional units can reside on either the client or on one or more servers in the application:
Figure: A client-server system
read-set(T) : Each data items that are read by a transaction T Timestamps : for all transaction T, the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the three phases.
Write the motivations led to development of OO-DBMS? 1. Programmer frustration with RDBMSs. 2. Requirement for special features.
How persistent programming languages differ from traditional programming languages? Database languages vary from traditional programming languages in that they directly manipul
What is nested relational model? The nested relational model is an extension of relational model in which domains might be either atomic or relation valued.
Define the concept of aggregation. Give two examples where this concept is useful. Ans: Aggregation transforms a relationship among the objects into a higher-level object. A
Multi-Key File Organisation In this part, we will introduce two basic file Organisation schemes that permit records to be accessed by more than one key field, therefore, allowi
how to design tables
What should be declared explicitly in the corresponding ABAP/4 Statements to access internal tables without header lines & why? Work Area. This is needed as the Work Area is
Design a gennalization and specialization hierarchy for an automobile sales company
What are referential integrity constraints? A value that appears in single relation for a given set of attributes also appears for a particular set of attributes in another rel
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