Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Structural Variations in Vertebrate Kidney
The structure of the vertebrate kidney is by no means universal. The mammalian kidney consists of an outer granular cortex and an inner striated medulla. The granular appearance of the cortex is due to the presence of glomeruli in this region. Medulla looks striated due to the parallel arrangement of blood vessels and tubules of the nephrons. In fishes, amphibians and reptiles, the renal tubules are short, are devoid of Henle's loop and there is no clear cut distinction between cortex and medulla. In birds there is some degree of spatial organisation of the nephrons so that a small central medulla can be discerned from the outer cortex. This division into cortical and medullary regions is most pronounced in the mammalian kidney.
It is the presence of Henle's loop that enables the avian and mammalian kidney to produce hyperosmotic urine. The ureteral urine in other vertebrates is either hypoosmotic or at best isosomotic to blood. However, terrestrial reptiles and birds produce a semi-solid or solid urine due to reabsorption of water in the cloaca. In birds and mammals, the ureteral urine itself is hyperosmotic to blood. The maximum urine osmolarity attained by the avian kidney is only about twice that of plasma. The urine concentrating ability of the kidney in mammals is related to the habitat. Desert animals produce highly concentrated urine and freshwater animals produce very dilute urine. The kidneys of some desert mammals can produce a urine which is 25 times more concentrated than the plasma. The beaver which has access to abundant water in the environment, on the other hand, has kidneys with only moderate ability to concentrate the urine.
What is the group of the phylum Chordata that first colonized the terrestrial environment? From which habitat did they come? Amphibians, partially aquatic partially terrestrial
Explain Tertiary structure and Quaternary structure of proteins Tertiary structure Secondary structure, in turn, folds back and bonds to itself in a three-dimensional mann
Maintenance and Regulation of Peripheral Circulation Pressure receptors (baroreceptors) located in the wall of the internal carotid arteries and in the arch of aorta, when
What is Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) ? VSD accounts for 15-20 per cent of all CHDs. The ventricular septum may be divided into a small membranous portion and a large muscula
Which of the following most accurately explains the meaning of a repression lag? A. A repression lag refers to the time that it takes for the last full-length mRNA transcript t
When the chromosomes are depleted of histones they are seem to have a central fibrous 'protein scaffold' or nuclear matrix to which the DNA is attached in loops. Therefo
Q. How does the vegetal stratification of an ecosystem influence the biological diversity? The vegetal stratification of the ecosystem like the strata of the Amazon Rainforest,
Determination of Neural Ectoderm by Induction Earlier you know that the dorsal mesoderm induces the ectoderm to differentiate into neural tissue. Spemann and his co-workers co
Define Nutritive aspects of food constituents and effect of processing and handling? Nutrient stability; effects on nutrients of agricultural practices, handling, processing an
Food chain is the simplest representation of energy flow in the community. At the base is energy stored in the plants, which are eaten by the small organisms, which in turn are ea
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd