Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Structural Variations in Vertebrate Kidney
The structure of the vertebrate kidney is by no means universal. The mammalian kidney consists of an outer granular cortex and an inner striated medulla. The granular appearance of the cortex is due to the presence of glomeruli in this region. Medulla looks striated due to the parallel arrangement of blood vessels and tubules of the nephrons. In fishes, amphibians and reptiles, the renal tubules are short, are devoid of Henle's loop and there is no clear cut distinction between cortex and medulla. In birds there is some degree of spatial organisation of the nephrons so that a small central medulla can be discerned from the outer cortex. This division into cortical and medullary regions is most pronounced in the mammalian kidney.
It is the presence of Henle's loop that enables the avian and mammalian kidney to produce hyperosmotic urine. The ureteral urine in other vertebrates is either hypoosmotic or at best isosomotic to blood. However, terrestrial reptiles and birds produce a semi-solid or solid urine due to reabsorption of water in the cloaca. In birds and mammals, the ureteral urine itself is hyperosmotic to blood. The maximum urine osmolarity attained by the avian kidney is only about twice that of plasma. The urine concentrating ability of the kidney in mammals is related to the habitat. Desert animals produce highly concentrated urine and freshwater animals produce very dilute urine. The kidneys of some desert mammals can produce a urine which is 25 times more concentrated than the plasma. The beaver which has access to abundant water in the environment, on the other hand, has kidneys with only moderate ability to concentrate the urine.
Q. What are the phases to atherosclerosis? There are five phases to atherosclerosis: Phase I: Asymptomaticphase, consists of fatly streaks which are non-obstructive, lipi
Soaking Soaking is an another inexpensive processing method, which does not require much technical know how, is commonly practiced for improving the palatability of chaffed cro
Delimitation and Limitation: There may be many aspects of the problem that need to be explored, but it is difficult to cover all aspects in a single research study bec
Classes of Life Form The five life form classes are: Phanerophytes, Chamaephytes, Hemicryptophytes, Cryptophytes, and Therophytes.
Rhinosporidiosis (Fungal-like agent) Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic, non-fatal, granulomatous mycotic infection of nasal mucosa caused by Rhinosporidium seberi. R. seberi is curren
Q. Show the Anatomical Evidence? Anatomy is the study of the structure, organisation and development of cells and tissues of plants and animals. For over a century taxonomists
Q. Health Promotion for the General Population? Targeted to have a healthy, risk free population and involves development of an effective communication strategy to modify indiv
Q. For non-insulin users consumption of Alcohol? 1. Substitute for fat calories. A drink providing 100 calories should be substituted by 2 fat exchanges. . 2. Avoid if your
Define the Buffer capacity - Nutritional Biochemistry? Buffer capacity can be defined as, 'the capacity of a solution to resist changes in pH on the addition of strong acid or
Q. Describe Bentham and Hookers System? Bernard de Jussieu (1699-1776) tried to classify the plants in Royal Garden, Paris. During this exercise he developed a system of classi
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd