Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Structural Variations in Vertebrate Kidney
The structure of the vertebrate kidney is by no means universal. The mammalian kidney consists of an outer granular cortex and an inner striated medulla. The granular appearance of the cortex is due to the presence of glomeruli in this region. Medulla looks striated due to the parallel arrangement of blood vessels and tubules of the nephrons. In fishes, amphibians and reptiles, the renal tubules are short, are devoid of Henle's loop and there is no clear cut distinction between cortex and medulla. In birds there is some degree of spatial organisation of the nephrons so that a small central medulla can be discerned from the outer cortex. This division into cortical and medullary regions is most pronounced in the mammalian kidney.
It is the presence of Henle's loop that enables the avian and mammalian kidney to produce hyperosmotic urine. The ureteral urine in other vertebrates is either hypoosmotic or at best isosomotic to blood. However, terrestrial reptiles and birds produce a semi-solid or solid urine due to reabsorption of water in the cloaca. In birds and mammals, the ureteral urine itself is hyperosmotic to blood. The maximum urine osmolarity attained by the avian kidney is only about twice that of plasma. The urine concentrating ability of the kidney in mammals is related to the habitat. Desert animals produce highly concentrated urine and freshwater animals produce very dilute urine. The kidneys of some desert mammals can produce a urine which is 25 times more concentrated than the plasma. The beaver which has access to abundant water in the environment, on the other hand, has kidneys with only moderate ability to concentrate the urine.
Define Chromatography - Basic Separation Technique? Chromatography is the most effective technique for the separation, purification and identification of one or more biological
NEURITE S - The processes of neurons are called neurites. These are of two types: dendrites or dendrons and an axon or axis cylinder or neuraxon. (a) Dendrites (Den
Q. Nematode identity card. How are nematodes characterized according to examples of representing beings, type of symmetry basic morphology, , germ layers and coelom, digestive syst
Cardiac surgical intervention has an increasingly important role in the treatment of intracardiac complications of endocarditis. Retrospective data suggest that mortality is unacce
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the nucleic acid composed of two polynucleotide strands wound around the central axis to form a double helix; the repository of genetic information.
Define Lactose intolerance - Modification of carbohydrate intake? This has been covered under the section on digestion and absorption earlier. We learnt that in case of lactose
B u f fa l o- p o x The disease is caused by an orthopox virus, closely related to the vaccinia virus. It is not clear whether it should be considered
Advanced Nervous Systems - General Trend In Evolution In higher groups of animals you will observe clear trends towards centralisation of the nervous system, to maximize effe
Information Processing in Sensory Neuron You have previously seen that the sensory neuron transmits the information it receives, as an action potential along its axon. We desc
Are protozoans under the Kingdom Animalia?
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd