Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Structural Variations in Vertebrate Kidney
The structure of the vertebrate kidney is by no means universal. The mammalian kidney consists of an outer granular cortex and an inner striated medulla. The granular appearance of the cortex is due to the presence of glomeruli in this region. Medulla looks striated due to the parallel arrangement of blood vessels and tubules of the nephrons. In fishes, amphibians and reptiles, the renal tubules are short, are devoid of Henle's loop and there is no clear cut distinction between cortex and medulla. In birds there is some degree of spatial organisation of the nephrons so that a small central medulla can be discerned from the outer cortex. This division into cortical and medullary regions is most pronounced in the mammalian kidney.
It is the presence of Henle's loop that enables the avian and mammalian kidney to produce hyperosmotic urine. The ureteral urine in other vertebrates is either hypoosmotic or at best isosomotic to blood. However, terrestrial reptiles and birds produce a semi-solid or solid urine due to reabsorption of water in the cloaca. In birds and mammals, the ureteral urine itself is hyperosmotic to blood. The maximum urine osmolarity attained by the avian kidney is only about twice that of plasma. The urine concentrating ability of the kidney in mammals is related to the habitat. Desert animals produce highly concentrated urine and freshwater animals produce very dilute urine. The kidneys of some desert mammals can produce a urine which is 25 times more concentrated than the plasma. The beaver which has access to abundant water in the environment, on the other hand, has kidneys with only moderate ability to concentrate the urine.
get introduction
Q. Dietary modification? Dietary modification includes nutritional support that allows normal growth and development. Plasma phenylalanine concentration between the range of 40
Peculiarities of Mitosis - Cleavage From the following you will learn that the mitosis in the phase of cleavage has some striking peculiarities: a) Synchronization of cell
Research to Improve Health Care Delivery: Today, much of health care delivery system remains imitative and intuitive rather than innovative, creative or scientific in
# ???? ..
Circulatory system: One of the eleven major body organ systems in animals; carbon dioxide, nutrients, transports oxygen, and waste products between the cells and the respiratory s
How does the metachronal waves form in the ciliary row of protozoa ? Explain the cilia beating mechanism associates with it.
Q. which of structures is the nuclear membrane composed? Eukaryotic cells have nucleus delimited with two juxtaposed membranes that continue with the membrane of the endoplasmi
What are the factors to an actual shift in the supply curve? Factors which cause an actual shift in the supply curve are described in below: When prices rise or fall this wo
Jennifer has the "stomach flu" that is going around campus and has been vomiting profusely for the past 24 hours. Not only has she been unable to keep down fluids or food but she h
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd