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Structural Features of Viruses
Size of Viruses
Virus particles vary widely in size. The smallest viruses e.g. virus of foot and mouth disease measuring about 20 mill microns are about the size of largest protein molecules. The largest viruses measuring about 350 nm are as large as the smallest bacteria (Mycoplasma).
Shape and Symmetry of Viruses
Most plant viruses are rod shaped or filamentous while the animal viruses may be filamentous or roughly spherical filamentous vireos are cylindrical structures with a helical symmetry, The most animal viruses ,the helix is highly coiled into a sub spherical structure .The spherical vireos are polyhedral structured like diamonds with a typical icosahedra symmetry , each having 20 equilateral triangular sides or facets an 12 vertices or corners.
Poxviruses and rabies virus are unique in shape and symmetry. Poxviruses are brick shaped and rabies virus is bullet shaped. These viruses are complex in structure and symmetry.
Viruses of bacteria are also unique in shape and structure. Each vision is a tadpole shaped structure having two main parts a polyhedral headland a spring like or conical tail with a thin collar in between. The free flattened end of the tail bears a large endplate or base plate from which slender hook like legs, called tail fibres and six small pegs or spikes project different directions. Contain bacteriophages lack the endplate, tail fibres and pages.
Bacteriophage Influenza Virus
Herpes Virus Polio virus
In glycoproteins, two main parts of oligosaccharide linkages exist: a) An O-linked oligosaccharides attached to the protein by O-glycosidic bonds, to the OH groups of serine or
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the function of contractil vacuole
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