Stimulus and response, Science

Assignment Help:

Stimulus and Response: Scientists concerned with human behaviour and attitudes, namely psychologists, have tried to understand the basic process of learning, starting from simple models and situations. The simplest model is that of stimulus and response. The Russian Nobel Prize winner, Ivan Pavlov in early 1900s canied out some experiments on dogs which were perhaps the best examples of a stimulus producing a certain kind of  response. While studying the physiology of digestion in dogs he wanted to measure the flow of saliva. For this he inserted a tube in the cheek of the dog and placed a bowl of meat in front of  it and the dog began to salivate.

 

1565_Stimulus and Response1.png

apparatus devised by the Russ~an  scientist to  test learned reflexes. Saliva  canied by a tube to beaker, acttvated a lever connwted to the pen beyond the screen at left. Each dmp of saliva was registered by a mark on the revotvtng drum. The dogs evidently  learned to enjoy their work, hopping up onto the platform without being asked. This, of  coutse, is a natural response of any dog. He begins to salivate when he gets his food. But a strange thing happened. The dog began  to salivate at the sight of the apparatus or the experimenter  even before the food was placed in front of  it. Pavlov could have treated this as an experimental nuisance but being a scientist he started asking questions. Pavlov knew that salivation  at the sight  of food was a natural reflex action.  It happens in every dog since birth, but the other reaction was something new, what we can call a learned reflex. Now he decided to investigate if  the dog could be made to associate  food .with other stimuli. In a typical experiment, a bell was sounded  just before the meat was given to the dog. This was repeated several times. Pavlov noticed that the dog now began  to salivate as soon as the bell was rung even if food was not given. The animal associated the two stimuli, food and bell, therefore, one could be substituted for the other. Table shows the steps in  this training process.   

2117_Stimulus and Response.png

 

 


Related Discussions:- Stimulus and response

Define the term - soil flora, Define the term - Soil Flora Higher plant...

Define the term - Soil Flora Higher plants are, by and large, the most important group of primary producer organisms in the whole soil. The continuous decay of plants and plant

Solar system, what is the meaning of heliospere

what is the meaning of heliospere

Assign wk3, Briefly explain why it is important to reinforce alternatives t...

Briefly explain why it is important to reinforce alternatives to problem behavior when using a punishment procedure. Give one example of the use of both a punishment procedure

Explain the mixing movement of the gastrointestinal tract, Explain the Mixi...

Explain the Mixing Movement of the Gastrointestinal Tract This movement helps the intestinal contents to be thoroughly mixed at all times. It is usually caused by the local con

Explain hormonal phase of pancreatic secretion, Explain Hormonal Phase of P...

Explain Hormonal Phase of Pancreatic Secretion Hormonal phase: After food enters from the stomach to the duodenum, pancreatic secretion starts increasing. Two hormones are resp

Sucrose is non sugar, Sucrose is a non-reducing Sugar while Maltose and La...

Sucrose is a non-reducing Sugar while Maltose and Lactose are reducing due to the presence of free Aldehydic Functional Group in them. In SUgar the Aldehydic Group of both Glucos

Ecological crises, Ecological Crises:   The natural atmosphere which man...

Ecological Crises:   The natural atmosphere which man has inherited from the past, with healthy and fresh air, shielding from excessive radiation of the sun, has been deteriorat

Air pollution, Air Pollution Air pollution  is one of the major probl...

Air Pollution Air pollution  is one of the major problems created by modern man.  It  is estimated that about 100 million tons of waste are poured  into our atmosphere each y

Explain the primary processing of rice in detail, Primary processing of Ric...

Primary processing of Rice Rice is the staple food for the majority of the world's population and is cooked in boiling water and eaten mostly with cooked pulses, vegetables, f

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd