Stimulus and response, Science

Assignment Help:

Stimulus and Response: Scientists concerned with human behaviour and attitudes, namely psychologists, have tried to understand the basic process of learning, starting from simple models and situations. The simplest model is that of stimulus and response. The Russian Nobel Prize winner, Ivan Pavlov in early 1900s canied out some experiments on dogs which were perhaps the best examples of a stimulus producing a certain kind of  response. While studying the physiology of digestion in dogs he wanted to measure the flow of saliva. For this he inserted a tube in the cheek of the dog and placed a bowl of meat in front of  it and the dog began to salivate.

 

1565_Stimulus and Response1.png

apparatus devised by the Russ~an  scientist to  test learned reflexes. Saliva  canied by a tube to beaker, acttvated a lever connwted to the pen beyond the screen at left. Each dmp of saliva was registered by a mark on the revotvtng drum. The dogs evidently  learned to enjoy their work, hopping up onto the platform without being asked. This, of  coutse, is a natural response of any dog. He begins to salivate when he gets his food. But a strange thing happened. The dog began  to salivate at the sight of the apparatus or the experimenter  even before the food was placed in front of  it. Pavlov could have treated this as an experimental nuisance but being a scientist he started asking questions. Pavlov knew that salivation  at the sight  of food was a natural reflex action.  It happens in every dog since birth, but the other reaction was something new, what we can call a learned reflex. Now he decided to investigate if  the dog could be made to associate  food .with other stimuli. In a typical experiment, a bell was sounded  just before the meat was given to the dog. This was repeated several times. Pavlov noticed that the dog now began  to salivate as soon as the bell was rung even if food was not given. The animal associated the two stimuli, food and bell, therefore, one could be substituted for the other. Table shows the steps in  this training process.   

2117_Stimulus and Response.png

 

 


Related Discussions:- Stimulus and response

Define fats - nutritional components, Define Fats - Nutritional Components ...

Define Fats - Nutritional Components Once the body stops eating, it begins to live on its fat. Fat storing depots 'adipocytes' are located in the different parts of the body. I

Zirconium, What reacts with zirconium/

What reacts with zirconium/

Introduction to studies of fire safety measures , Introduction : Here you ...

Introduction : Here you have need to about the fire hazards, various causes of fires and the precautions to be taken to avoid them. You also learnt about various types of fire ext

Eye injuries-first aid treatment of localized injuries, Eye Injuries : The...

Eye Injuries : The eyes are a particularly vulnerable part of your body. Safety glasses, goggles or a face shield are a 'must' for any experiment where there is any , danger of sp

Stellar motion:, Stellar Motion: Stars are not fixed  in  the heavens. ...

Stellar Motion: Stars are not fixed  in  the heavens. They are moving within  the galaxies. The speed of a star moving toward or away from the Earth is indicated by a shift of

Data structure, how can work allocate and free algorithm in data structure

how can work allocate and free algorithm in data structure

Kwashiorkar, Kwashiorkar: This disease was first recognised in  1935,  ...

Kwashiorkar: This disease was first recognised in  1935,  in African children and it  is named from two words of an African dialect, meaning first and second, i.e.  sickness th

Insight into robotics and robots, Insight into Robotics and Robots: The...

Insight into Robotics and Robots: The science of designing, building und using robots is called robotics. And what is a robot?  Many people  think of robots as mechanical pe

Greenhouse effect, Greenhouse effect: Scientists  have reason to believ...

Greenhouse effect: Scientists  have reason to believe that air pollution. both due to carbon particles or soot and carbon dioxide would affect weather. A rise in surface temper

##ssssslzlxslzlxxzllzxl\xl\x;slsc zzzzxm, Ask question #slslslslslss;s;a;s;...

Ask question #slslslslslss;s;a;s;xsppfjeerrtu uy ueueq fufa sf e rht rh oohs erh uh ff d euooeoe eryur r ir eer uryr ouruufhfskj u hegg hgg e eru rers ogg eroh ejhr err ef

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd