Stimulus and response, Science

Assignment Help:

Stimulus and Response: Scientists concerned with human behaviour and attitudes, namely psychologists, have tried to understand the basic process of learning, starting from simple models and situations. The simplest model is that of stimulus and response. The Russian Nobel Prize winner, Ivan Pavlov in early 1900s canied out some experiments on dogs which were perhaps the best examples of a stimulus producing a certain kind of  response. While studying the physiology of digestion in dogs he wanted to measure the flow of saliva. For this he inserted a tube in the cheek of the dog and placed a bowl of meat in front of  it and the dog began to salivate.

 

1565_Stimulus and Response1.png

apparatus devised by the Russ~an  scientist to  test learned reflexes. Saliva  canied by a tube to beaker, acttvated a lever connwted to the pen beyond the screen at left. Each dmp of saliva was registered by a mark on the revotvtng drum. The dogs evidently  learned to enjoy their work, hopping up onto the platform without being asked. This, of  coutse, is a natural response of any dog. He begins to salivate when he gets his food. But a strange thing happened. The dog began  to salivate at the sight of the apparatus or the experimenter  even before the food was placed in front of  it. Pavlov could have treated this as an experimental nuisance but being a scientist he started asking questions. Pavlov knew that salivation  at the sight  of food was a natural reflex action.  It happens in every dog since birth, but the other reaction was something new, what we can call a learned reflex. Now he decided to investigate if  the dog could be made to associate  food .with other stimuli. In a typical experiment, a bell was sounded  just before the meat was given to the dog. This was repeated several times. Pavlov noticed that the dog now began  to salivate as soon as the bell was rung even if food was not given. The animal associated the two stimuli, food and bell, therefore, one could be substituted for the other. Table shows the steps in  this training process.   

2117_Stimulus and Response.png

 

 


Related Discussions:- Stimulus and response

Define age related changes in excretory system, Define age related changes ...

Define age related changes in Excretory System There is a progressive decrease in the number and size of nephrons fiasic unit of the kidney). There is a 10% decrease in renal p

Explain the water cycle, The Water Cycle Heat some water unless it is n...

The Water Cycle Heat some water unless it is near the boiling point. Place it in a drinking glass and rotate the glass so as to moisten the sides right to the top. Place some v

Phase diagram for single component system, why don''t we have a crtical poi...

why don''t we have a crtical point on the solid liquid equilibrium line as we have on the liquid-vapour line...

An experiment with a loop of thread, An experiment with a loop of thread ...

An experiment with a loop of thread Rinse a dinner plate methodically and then fill it with water. Make a loop with thread, open it a little and float it on the water. Touch th

Calculate the mg-kg-min, 1. DH is admitted with end-stage liver disease and...

1. DH is admitted with end-stage liver disease and severe ascites requiring paracentesis while in the hospital.  He has been started on PN therapy for his poor nutritiona

Placement of first aid box-accidents and first aid, Placement of First Aid ...

Placement of First Aid Box : All first aid equipment should be placed close to the sites where accidents are likely to occur. The location of first aid boxes should be such that t

Determine energy flux density and quantum number of electron, a. A point so...

a. A point source of 60 Co emits equal numbers of photons of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV giving a flux density (i.e. fluence rate) of 5.7 * 10 9 photon cm -2 s -1 at a specified location

Explain ascorbic acid, Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) Although the antiscorb...

Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) Although the antiscorbptic  (preventing the disease scurvy) effects of citrus hits  was known for a long time, the first  important step  towards its

Medicine in iron age, Medicine: The other area, in which  the Greek ...

Medicine: The other area, in which  the Greek developments  had a parallel in India, was medicine, although encouragement for this development  in the two cases came from di

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd