Stimulus and response, Science

Assignment Help:

Stimulus and Response: Scientists concerned with human behaviour and attitudes, namely psychologists, have tried to understand the basic process of learning, starting from simple models and situations. The simplest model is that of stimulus and response. The Russian Nobel Prize winner, Ivan Pavlov in early 1900s canied out some experiments on dogs which were perhaps the best examples of a stimulus producing a certain kind of  response. While studying the physiology of digestion in dogs he wanted to measure the flow of saliva. For this he inserted a tube in the cheek of the dog and placed a bowl of meat in front of  it and the dog began to salivate.

 

1565_Stimulus and Response1.png

apparatus devised by the Russ~an  scientist to  test learned reflexes. Saliva  canied by a tube to beaker, acttvated a lever connwted to the pen beyond the screen at left. Each dmp of saliva was registered by a mark on the revotvtng drum. The dogs evidently  learned to enjoy their work, hopping up onto the platform without being asked. This, of  coutse, is a natural response of any dog. He begins to salivate when he gets his food. But a strange thing happened. The dog began  to salivate at the sight of the apparatus or the experimenter  even before the food was placed in front of  it. Pavlov could have treated this as an experimental nuisance but being a scientist he started asking questions. Pavlov knew that salivation  at the sight  of food was a natural reflex action.  It happens in every dog since birth, but the other reaction was something new, what we can call a learned reflex. Now he decided to investigate if  the dog could be made to associate  food .with other stimuli. In a typical experiment, a bell was sounded  just before the meat was given to the dog. This was repeated several times. Pavlov noticed that the dog now began  to salivate as soon as the bell was rung even if food was not given. The animal associated the two stimuli, food and bell, therefore, one could be substituted for the other. Table shows the steps in  this training process.   

2117_Stimulus and Response.png

 

 


Related Discussions:- Stimulus and response

Vulvovaginitis, what is the cause and effect of vulvovginitis?

what is the cause and effect of vulvovginitis?

History of the earth, The Early History of the Earth The Earth has be...

The Early History of the Earth The Earth has been evolving and changing ever since its origin, about 4.5 billion years ago. In the first  tens of millions of years of  the Ea

Explain rhythmicity - properties of a beating heart, Explain Rhythmicity - ...

Explain Rhythmicity - Properties of a Beating Heart Not only does the denervated heart continues to beat, it does so remarkably rhythmically. What it means is that the heartbea

Heart massage for restoring circulation, Heart Massage for Restoring Circul...

Heart Massage for Restoring Circulation : In cases of breathing failure, you should check that the casualty's heart is still beating. This is especially important with victims of

Benchmark, Due Date: Apr 17, 2017 23:59:59 Details: Throughout the ...

Due Date: Apr 17, 2017 23:59:59 Details: Throughout the course, you have studied and written about a number of counseling theories that are used as the basis for the counse

Materials and processes in design, a manufacturer of fasteners uses a four ...

a manufacturer of fasteners uses a four die nut former to produce blanks and the piercer punch began to break down using stainless steel bar stock. what change can be made so the m

The earths iterior, Ask question how many years that our earth survived?#Mi...

Ask question how many years that our earth survived?#Minimum 100 words accepted#

Chemical properties, What are the chemical properties of acetic acid?

What are the chemical properties of acetic acid?

Mini-mental state examination - mmse test, MMSE To assess Mr. X's orient...

MMSE To assess Mr. X's orientation, language skills, constructional ability, memory, calculation ability, and reasoning, he was administered the Mini-Mental State Examination -

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd