Stimulus and response, Science

Assignment Help:

Stimulus and Response: Scientists concerned with human behaviour and attitudes, namely psychologists, have tried to understand the basic process of learning, starting from simple models and situations. The simplest model is that of stimulus and response. The Russian Nobel Prize winner, Ivan Pavlov in early 1900s canied out some experiments on dogs which were perhaps the best examples of a stimulus producing a certain kind of  response. While studying the physiology of digestion in dogs he wanted to measure the flow of saliva. For this he inserted a tube in the cheek of the dog and placed a bowl of meat in front of  it and the dog began to salivate.

 

1565_Stimulus and Response1.png

apparatus devised by the Russ~an  scientist to  test learned reflexes. Saliva  canied by a tube to beaker, acttvated a lever connwted to the pen beyond the screen at left. Each dmp of saliva was registered by a mark on the revotvtng drum. The dogs evidently  learned to enjoy their work, hopping up onto the platform without being asked. This, of  coutse, is a natural response of any dog. He begins to salivate when he gets his food. But a strange thing happened. The dog began  to salivate at the sight of the apparatus or the experimenter  even before the food was placed in front of  it. Pavlov could have treated this as an experimental nuisance but being a scientist he started asking questions. Pavlov knew that salivation  at the sight  of food was a natural reflex action.  It happens in every dog since birth, but the other reaction was something new, what we can call a learned reflex. Now he decided to investigate if  the dog could be made to associate  food .with other stimuli. In a typical experiment, a bell was sounded  just before the meat was given to the dog. This was repeated several times. Pavlov noticed that the dog now began  to salivate as soon as the bell was rung even if food was not given. The animal associated the two stimuli, food and bell, therefore, one could be substituted for the other. Table shows the steps in  this training process.   

2117_Stimulus and Response.png

 

 


Related Discussions:- Stimulus and response

Prevention of disease, Prevention of disease: Now that we know that inf...

Prevention of disease: Now that we know that infectious diseases are caused by microbes,  it should be possible to prevent diseases by controlling their transmission and proper

Explain the functions of adrenomedullary hormones, Explain the Functions of...

Explain the Functions of adrenomedullary hormones The functions of the adrenal medulla hormones - adrenaline and noradrenaline - are to: Prepare the body to deal with th

Explain the hyposecretion or hypothyroidism during infancy, Explain the Hyp...

Explain the Hyposecretion or Hypothyroidism during Infancy Decreased secretion of thyroid hormone results in the development of the condition known as cretinism. There is a lac

Crytosporidiosis, 3 reasons why Minnesota still has crytosporidiosis

3 reasons why Minnesota still has crytosporidiosis

Explain the term - hydrolysis yield ammonium ion, Explain the term - hydrol...

Explain the term - hydrolysis yield ammonium ion In addition to ammonium compounds, materials such as urea which, upon hydrolysis yield ammonium ion, are again a potential sour

Freezing by contact with a cooled solid-plate freezing, Freezing by Contact...

Freezing by Contact with a Cooled Solid-Plate Freezing In this method, the product is sandwiched between metal plates and pressure is usually applied for good contact.  Plate

To show how water rises in different types of soil, To show how water rises...

To show how water rises in different types of soil Place about 15 cm of dissimilar types of soil in a series of lamp chimneys after tying a piece of cloth over the end of every

Describe wet bulb thermometer, Question: a) Describe wet bulb thermomet...

Question: a) Describe wet bulb thermometer and wet bulb temperature. b) What happens to the volume of a rising parcel of air and of a sinking parcel of air? c) What do yo

Bdp, describe the factors which decide the broad area of scientific activit...

describe the factors which decide the broad area of scientific activity?

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd