Stimulus and response, Science

Assignment Help:

Stimulus and Response: Scientists concerned with human behaviour and attitudes, namely psychologists, have tried to understand the basic process of learning, starting from simple models and situations. The simplest model is that of stimulus and response. The Russian Nobel Prize winner, Ivan Pavlov in early 1900s canied out some experiments on dogs which were perhaps the best examples of a stimulus producing a certain kind of  response. While studying the physiology of digestion in dogs he wanted to measure the flow of saliva. For this he inserted a tube in the cheek of the dog and placed a bowl of meat in front of  it and the dog began to salivate.

 

1565_Stimulus and Response1.png

apparatus devised by the Russ~an  scientist to  test learned reflexes. Saliva  canied by a tube to beaker, acttvated a lever connwted to the pen beyond the screen at left. Each dmp of saliva was registered by a mark on the revotvtng drum. The dogs evidently  learned to enjoy their work, hopping up onto the platform without being asked. This, of  coutse, is a natural response of any dog. He begins to salivate when he gets his food. But a strange thing happened. The dog began  to salivate at the sight of the apparatus or the experimenter  even before the food was placed in front of  it. Pavlov could have treated this as an experimental nuisance but being a scientist he started asking questions. Pavlov knew that salivation  at the sight  of food was a natural reflex action.  It happens in every dog since birth, but the other reaction was something new, what we can call a learned reflex. Now he decided to investigate if  the dog could be made to associate  food .with other stimuli. In a typical experiment, a bell was sounded  just before the meat was given to the dog. This was repeated several times. Pavlov noticed that the dog now began  to salivate as soon as the bell was rung even if food was not given. The animal associated the two stimuli, food and bell, therefore, one could be substituted for the other. Table shows the steps in  this training process.   

2117_Stimulus and Response.png

 

 


Related Discussions:- Stimulus and response

Diffusion lab, it is with osmosis and diffusion what''s number 11

it is with osmosis and diffusion what''s number 11

Explain formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks, Describe the formation ...

Describe the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks? Ans) Igneous rocks are formed by volcanic action and due to of volcanic activity. Metamorphic rock is formed by a co

Experiments with man in space, Experiments with man in space: We have a...

Experiments with man in space: We have already discussed  the usefulness of space  flights in Blocks 3&4. One is able to make astronomical observations from satellites; get met

Moisture comes from home plants, Moisture comes from home plants Place ...

Moisture comes from home plants Place a cellophane bag over a leaf of some house plant or garden plant and close the end about the stem with a rubber band. Make an observation

Distance, how far does a horse go when running

how far does a horse go when running

Plasticity and different forms of plasticity, The functional organization o...

The functional organization of the human brain—for instance that the temporal lobe processes auditory and occipital cortex visual information—is largely not hard-wired, unlike in s

How are atoms put together-structure of atoms , Structure of Atoms Eleme...

Structure of Atoms Elements are pure substances. Elements are composed of a single kind of atom, as opposed to compounds which contain two or more kinds of atoms (see lesson 5).

Absorption of proteins, Absorption of Proteins Proteolytic enzymes brea...

Absorption of Proteins Proteolytic enzymes break  the dietary  Proteins and proteins  into amino acids or di-  and  tripeptides.  In  fact,  it  is  in  this  form  that the di

What is learning, QUESTION 1 ‘First Impression is the last impression.'...

QUESTION 1 ‘First Impression is the last impression.' Discuss this very often heard quote referring to the theory of Solomon Asch. Support your answer with examples from your o

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd