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State about membrane-spanning molecule
Neuron A is a healthy neuron with all the usual ion channels and with all the usual intracellular and extracellular distributions of ion concentrations. When at rest with a membrane voltage of R millivolts, neuron A produces no action potentials. The voltage threshold for an action potential in neuron A is T millivolts. T is greater than R; T is less than zero. In addition, neuron A's membrane includes the membrane-spanning molecule Z with an ion channel that opens when neurotransmitter Y binds to the Y receptor site on the extracellular surface of Z. The Nernst equilibrium potential for Z's ion channel is E millivolts. Neuron B synapses on neuron A; neuron B's neurotransmitter is neurotransmitter Y. Which of the following statements is true when neuron A is initially at rest and neuron B releases neurotransmitter Y?
A. If the value of E is zero and if both sodium ions and potassium ions pass through open Z channels, then Y's binding to its receptor site on Z in neuron A produces an increase in the amount of intracellular potassium ions in neuron A.
B. If the value of R is less than E, if the value of E is less than T, and if chloride is the only ion that passes through open Z channels, then Y's binding to its receptor site on Z in neuron A produces a decrease in the amount of intracellular chloride ions in neuron A.
C. If the value of E is equal to R, and if chloride is the only ion that passes through open Z channels, then Y's binding to its receptor site on Z in neuron A produces no change in the chloride conductance of the plasma membrane of neuron A.
A hypothesis can be used to predict the outcome of future testing. Which type of hypothesis is easier to test? A. It is easier to specify and test for a difference between two outc
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