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SQL Pseudocolumns
The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are not actual columns in a table but they behave as columns. For illustration, you can select values from a pseudocolumn. Though, you cannot insert into, update, or delete from a pseudocolumn. The pseudocolumns are also allowed in the SQL statements, but not in the procedural statements.
Negation (NOT, ¬) - SQL There are three rows instead of just two. As you can see, ¬ p is defined as in two-valued logic (2VL) when p is either true or false, but ¬ (unknown) i
%ROWCOUNT When its cursor or cursor variable is opened, the %ROWCOUNT is zeroed. Before the first fetch, the %ROWCOUNT yields 0. Afterward, it yields the number of rows fetche
Initializing Objects: Till you initialize an object by calling the constructor for its object type, the object is automatically null. That is, the object itself is null, not me
Predefined Exceptions The internal exception is raised implicitly whenever your PL/SQL program exceeds a system-dependent limit or violates an Oracle rule. Each & every Oracle
Error Handling The PL/SQL makes it easy to detect and process the predefined and user-defined error conditions known as exceptions. Whenever an error occurs, an exception is ra
Ending Transactions A good quality programming practice is to commit or roll back every transaction explicitly. Whether you rollback or issue the commit in your PL/SQL program
Parameter & Keyword Description: function_name: The user-defined function is identifying by that keyword. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter that
Processing Transactions This part describes how to do the transaction processing. You learn the fundamental techniques that safeguard the consistency of your database, involvin
Example of WHEN or THEN Constraints A concrete example showing how SQL supports WHEN/THEN constraints CREATE TABLE SAL_HISTORY (EmpNo CHAR (6), Salary INTEGER NOT NULL,
(a) What are decision support systems, and what role do they play in the business environment? (b) Data warehousing is defined as "a subject-oriented, integrated, non-volatile c
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