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SQL Pseudocolumns
The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are not actual columns in a table but they behave as columns. For illustration, you can select values from a pseudocolumn. Though, you cannot insert into, update, or delete from a pseudocolumn. The pseudocolumns are also allowed in the SQL statements, but not in the procedural statements.
CLOSE Statement The CLOSE statement allows the resources held by a cursor variable or open cursor to be reused. No more rows can be fetched from the cursor variable or closed
Comparison Operators The Comparison operators can compare one expression to another. The outcome is always true, false, or null. Usually, you use a comparison operators in condi
Data Types in SQL - Timestamp TIMESTAMP for values representing points in time on a specified uniform scale. DATE is used for timestamps on a scale of one day, such as DATE '2
WHEN or THEN Key Constraints Suppose a table has two columns representing a period of time throughout which the information conveyed by the other columns is recorded as having
Example of Cast Operator So long as CAST is used as shown, we could obtain the total marks for each exam in similar fashion, using SUM (Mark) AS TotalMarks. However, this giv
EXECUTE Privilege To call an invoker-rights routine straightforwardly, the users should have the EXECUTE privilege on that routine. By yielding the privilege, you permit a user
Manipulating Collections Within PL/SQL, the collections add procedural power and flexibility. The biggest benefit is that your program can compute subscripts to process the spec
Assignment of Variable - Updating a Variable Syntax: SET SN = SID ('S2'); This can obviously be read as "set the variable SN to be equal in value to SID ( 'S2' )".
Use Bulk Binds If SQL statements execute inside a loop using the collection elements as bind variables, context switching between the PL/SQL & SQL engines can slow down the ex
Object Types An object type is a user-defined complex datatype which encapsulates the data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data. Th
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