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SQL Pseudocolumns
The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are not actual columns in a table but they behave as columns. For illustration, you can select values from a pseudocolumn. Though, you cannot insert into, update, or delete from a pseudocolumn. The pseudocolumns are also allowed in the SQL statements, but not in the procedural statements.
Declaring Exceptions The Exceptions can be declared only in the declarative part of the PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. By introducing its name, you can declare an excep
Updating by replacement Syntax: UPDATE ENROLMENT SET Name = 'Ann' WHERE StudentId = SID ('S1'); Note the use of SET, as already noted in connection with direct a
Product-specific Packages The Oracle and different Oracle tools are supplied with the product-specific packages which help you to build the PL/SQL-based applications. For illus
Parameter and Keyword Description: procedure_name The user-defined procedure is declared by this construct. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter t
Using Pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES: The function called from the SQL statements should obey certain rules meant to control the side effects. To check for violation of the rules,
Equivalences & Rewrite Rules: If notice that as well as allowing us to prove trivial theorems, and tautologies enable us to establish that certain sentences are saying the sam
Example of GROUP BY and COLLECT Operator Example: Using GROUP BY and COLLECT to obtain C_ER2 SELECT CourseId, CAST ( COLLECT (ROW (StudentId, Mark)) AS ROW (Studen
Understanding Nested Tables Within the database, the nested tables can be considered as one-column database tables. The Oracle stores the rows of a nested table in no specific o
Autonomous versus Nested Transactions Though an autonomous transaction is started by the other transaction, it is not a nested transaction for the reasons shown below: (i)
Demonstrate your knowledge of PL/SQL programming by writing and thoroughly testing triggers and stored procedures associated with an e-commerce application that provides security l
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