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SQL Pseudocolumns
The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are not actual columns in a table but they behave as columns. For illustration, you can select values from a pseudocolumn. Though, you cannot insert into, update, or delete from a pseudocolumn. The pseudocolumns are also allowed in the SQL statements, but not in the procedural statements.
SQL Operators The PL/SQL uses all the SQL set, comparison, and row operators in the SQL statements. This part briefly describes some of these operators. 1. Comparison Opera
Example of Alternative formulation as a table constraint Example: Alternative formulation as a table constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Must_be_enrolled_to_
Table Comparison - SQL The following definitions for relation comparisons: Let r1 and r2 be relations having the same heading. Then: r1 ⊆ r2 is true if every tuple of r1
Updating a Variable Assignment of an attribute value in a variable of a structured type Synatx: SET SN.C = 'S2'; As in Example the entire statement is equivalent to a
Manipulating Individual Elements Faraway you have manipulated an entire collection. Within the SQL, to manipulate the individual elements of the collection, and then use the ope
Using research notes and Oracle documentation plan and execute an upgrade of an installation of Oracle 10g to Oracle 11g release 1. To do this you must show in screen shots and wri
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
Using a join on 3 tables, select 5 columns and 10 rows from the 3 tables without the use of a Cartesian product Query: SELECT E.LAST_NAME, E.FIRST_NAME, S.BUILDING, S.BRAN
Role of Abstraction in pl/sql: The abstraction is a high-level description or model of a real-world entity. The Abstractions keep our daily lives convenient. They help us ca
ROWID and UROWID Internally, every database table has a ROWID pseudo column that stores binary values known as rowids. Each rowid shows the storage address of a row. A physical
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