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SQL Pseudocolumns
The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are not actual columns in a table but they behave as columns. For illustration, you can select values from a pseudocolumn. Though, you cannot insert into, update, or delete from a pseudocolumn. The pseudocolumns are also allowed in the SQL statements, but not in the procedural statements.
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
The SQL ‘CREATE TABLE' scripts for all the tables you have implemented. Note that your tables must correspond exactly to the ERD you have provided in 1. above, or you will lose ma
Effects of NULL Operator As a general rule-but not a universal one-if NULL is an argument to an invocation of a system-defined read-only operator, then NULL is the result of t
%TYPE: This attribute gives the datatype of a formerly declared collection, cursor variable, object, field, record, database column, or variable. Datatype: This is simply
Using %TYPE The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable: credit REAL(7,2); debi
Data Types in SQL - XML, Array, Row BINARY LARGE OBJECT for arbitrarily large bit strings. XML for XML documents and fragments. ARRAY types for arrays.
Using SAVEPOINT The SAVEPOINT names and marks the present point in the processing of a transaction. Used with the ROLLBACK TO statement, the savepoints undo parts of a transac
Functions The function is a subprogram that calculates a value. The Functions and procedures are structured similar, except that the functions have a RETURN clause. You can
Effects of NULL for Table Expression Here's an important distinction between expressions denoting tables and expressions denoting multisets of rows: a table expression cannot
Definition of CROSS JOIN - SQL Let s = t1 CROSS JOIN t2, where t1 and t2 are table expressions optionally accompanied by range variables. Then: Note: Here T denotes Table
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