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SQL Is a Database Language:
The commands given to a DBMS by an application are written in the database language of the DBMS. The term data sublanguage is sometimes used instead of database language. The sub- prefix refers to the fact that application programs are sometimes written in some more general-purpose programming language (the "host" language), in which the database language commands are embedded in some prescribed style. Sometimes the embedding style is such that the embedded statements are unrecognized by the host language compiler or interpreter, and some special preprocessor is used to replace the embedded statements by, for example, CALL statements in the host language.Those remarks apply to SQL, as does the remainder of that section. Moreover, Part 10 of the international standard for SQL defines classes for use in object-oriented languages, in particular, Java, thus allowing method invocations to be used in place of old-fashioned CALL statements.
Using Aggregation on Nested Tables Example is the most direct translation of its counterpart in the theory book that can be obtained in SQL but it is so over-elaborate that no
Why Use Cursor Variables ? Primarily, you use the cursor variables to pass the query result sets between the PL/SQL stored subprograms and different clients. Neither PL/SQL nor
Explicit Cursor Attributes The cursor variable or each cursor has four attributes: %FOUND, %ISOPEN, %ROWCOUNT, and %NOTFOUND. When appended to the cursor or cursor variable, th
Procedural Constraint Enforcement (Triggers) SQL has an alternative method of addressing database integrity, involving event-driven procedural code. The special procedures th
Cursor FOR Loops In most cases that need an explicit cursor, you can simplify the coding by using a cursor FOR loop rather of the OPEN, FETCH, and CLOSE statements. A cursor FO
IN Operator The operator IN tests the set membership. This means "equal to any member of." The set may have nulls, but they are ignored. For illustration, the statement below do
Block Structure The PL/SQL is a block-structured language. That is, the fundamental units (procedures, anonymous blocks, and functions) that make up a PL/SQL program are logi
Advantages of Packages The benefits of the Packages are as shown below: Modularity The Packages encapsulate logically associated items, types, and subprograms in the
IN OUT Mode An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts
UPDATE Statement The UPDATE statement transforms the values of the specified columns in one or more rows in the table or view. Syntax:
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