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SQL Is a Database Language:
The commands given to a DBMS by an application are written in the database language of the DBMS. The term data sublanguage is sometimes used instead of database language. The sub- prefix refers to the fact that application programs are sometimes written in some more general-purpose programming language (the "host" language), in which the database language commands are embedded in some prescribed style. Sometimes the embedding style is such that the embedded statements are unrecognized by the host language compiler or interpreter, and some special preprocessor is used to replace the embedded statements by, for example, CALL statements in the host language.Those remarks apply to SQL, as does the remainder of that section. Moreover, Part 10 of the international standard for SQL defines classes for use in object-oriented languages, in particular, Java, thus allowing method invocations to be used in place of old-fashioned CALL statements.
Advantages of Wrapping The PL/SQL Wrapper convert the PL/SQL source code into a transitional form of the object code. By hiding the application internals, the Wrapper secure
Use Bulk Binds If SQL statements execute inside a loop using the collection elements as bind variables, context switching between the PL/SQL & SQL engines can slow down the ex
Mixed Notation The fourth procedure call shows that you can mix the positional and named notation. In this situation, the first parameter uses the positional notation, & the s
FORALL Statement The FORALL statements instruct the PL/SQL engine to bulk-bind the input collections before sending them to the SQL engine. Though the FORALL statement consists
%NOTFOUND The %NOTFOUND is the logical opposite of the %FOUND. The %NOTFOUND yields TRUE when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected no rows, or the SELECT INTO state
%ROWTYPE: This attribute gives a record type which represents a row in the database table or a row fetched from a formerly declared cursor. The Fields in the record and corresp
Example of COALESCE operator Example: Give the total of marks for each exam (simplified solution) SELECT CourseId, COALESCE ((SELECT SUM (Mark) FROM EXAM_MARK AS EM
Exceptions An exception is the runtime error or warning condition that can be predefined or user-defined. The Predefined exceptions are raised implicitly through runtime system
Number Types The Number types permit you to store the numeric data (real numbers, integers, and floating-point numbers), show quantities, and do computations. BINARY_INTEG
Parameter Modes: You do not require to specify a parameter mode for the input bind arguments (those used, for illustration, in the WHERE clause) as the mode defaults to IN. Th
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