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SQL Is a Database Language:
The commands given to a DBMS by an application are written in the database language of the DBMS. The term data sublanguage is sometimes used instead of database language. The sub- prefix refers to the fact that application programs are sometimes written in some more general-purpose programming language (the "host" language), in which the database language commands are embedded in some prescribed style. Sometimes the embedding style is such that the embedded statements are unrecognized by the host language compiler or interpreter, and some special preprocessor is used to replace the embedded statements by, for example, CALL statements in the host language.Those remarks apply to SQL, as does the remainder of that section. Moreover, Part 10 of the international standard for SQL defines classes for use in object-oriented languages, in particular, Java, thus allowing method invocations to be used in place of old-fashioned CALL statements.
Providing Results of Queries Expressing queries in SQL is the (big) subject. Here I present just a simple example to give you the flavour of things to come in those chapters.
Substitution and Instantiation - SQL It shows how NULL might appear in substitution for a parameter of a predicate and how it might thus participate in instantiation of that p
Logical Connectives - SQL SQL's extended truth tables in which the symbol, for unknown, appears along with the usual T and F. Negation (NOT, ¬) Conjunction (
SQL Database: So, an SQL database is one whose symbols are organized into a collection of tables. Now, shows an SQL table as the current value of an SQL variable, ENROLMENT, b
Using PRIOR and NEXT The PRIOR(n) returns the index number that precede index n in a collection. The NEXT(n) returns the index number which succeed the index n. If n has no pr
SQL Pseudocolumns The PL/SQL recognizes the following SQL pseudocolumns, that returns the specific data items: LEVEL, NEXTVAL, CURRVAL, ROWID, & ROWNUM. The Pseudocolumns are n
Using Subqueries A subquery is a query (typically enclosed by parentheses) that appears within another SQL data manipulation statement. If evaluated, the subquery gives a va
SQL Operators The PL/SQL uses all the SQL set, comparison, and row operators in the SQL statements. This part briefly describes some of these operators. 1. Comparison Opera
Data Types in SQL - Character CHARACTER or, synonymously, CHAR, for character strings. When this type is to be the declared type of something (e.g., a column), the permissible
Passing Cursor Parameters You use the OPEN statement to pass the parameters to a cursor. Unless you want to accept the default values, each proper parameter in the cursor decl
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