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SQL Database:
So, an SQL database is one whose symbols are organized into a collection of tables. Now, shows an SQL table as the current value of an SQL variable, ENROLMENT, but in that connection there are two important points to be made right away. First, the term table variable isn't used in SQL for its counterpart of relation variables. Instead, base relvars are normally referred to as base tables, virtual relvars as views (or viewed tables) and those terms are used in the international standard. Secondly, not every SQL table can be the value of a base table or view. As we shall soon see, table variables and the tables assigned to them are subject to several deviations from relational theory; tables that cannot be assigned to a variable are subject to even more deviations.
Expressions An expression is a randomly complex combination of the constants, variables, literals, operators, & function calls. The simplest expression is the single variabl
Mixed Notation The fourth procedure call shows that you can mix the positional and named notation. In this situation, the first parameter uses the positional notation, & the s
Multiset types - SQL An SQL multiset is what in mathematics is also known as a bag-something like a set except that the same element can appear more than once. The body of an
Using SAVEPOINT The SAVEPOINT names and marks the present point in the processing of a transaction. Used with the ROLLBACK TO statement, the savepoints undo parts of a transac
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
Calling Constructors: The Calls to a constructor are allowed wherever the function calls are allowed. Similarly to the functions, a constructor is called as a section of an ex
Autonomous versus Nested Transactions Though an autonomous transaction is started by the other transaction, it is not a nested transaction for the reasons shown below: (i)
Semidifference via EXCEPT and JOIN - SQL SELECT * FROM (SELECT StudentId FROM IS_CALLED WHERE Name = 'Devinder' EXCEPT DISTINCT CORRESPONDING SELECT StudentId
Use the NOCOPY Compiler Hint By default, the OUT and IN OUT parameters are passed by the value i.e. the value of an IN OUT actual parameter is copied into the corresponding fo
Cursor Variables As Parameters You can declare the cursor variables as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In the illustration below, you define the REF CUR
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