Sporotrichosis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Sporotrichosis


Sporotrichosis is subacute or chronic infectious disease caused by a dimorphic fungus, Sporothrix schenkii which occurs commonly in soil, wood and vegetation. The disease is characterized by nodular lesions and ulcers in the lymphnodes, skin and subcutaneous tissues. Very rarely dissemination is through bone, lung, liver, spleen and other internal organs. Infection is established through the traumatic implantation of fungus into the subcutaneous tissue by the contaminated splinter or thorn. As a result, chronic pyogenic granulomatous infection develops. Cases have been reported in man, horse, donkey, mule, cattle, camel, dog, cat, chimpanzee and rat.


Symptoms:
In horse, mule and donkey, small, multiple cutaneous nodules develop on the lower part of the limb. These nodules are painless which later ulcerate and discharge small amount of pus. The infection spreads through lymphatic vessels which become thickened and corded. Sometimes, a non-ulcerating and disseminated form of disease without the involvement of lymphatics has been observed in horse. The disease in dog is usually more fatal as infection spreads to the visceral organ including bone. In man, localized lesions are found on hand, arm and leg. The disease is more frequent in persons engaged in agriculture and forest work. Its outbreak has been recorded in gold miners in South Africa as the fungus occurs on timber in humid mines.
 
Diagnosis: Diagnosis is confirmed by the isolation of causative fungus on Sabouraud‘s medium or BHI agar. The culture on cysteine glucose blood agar medium yields soft, greenish-yellow bacterial type colonies at 37°C. Smear from pus and other infected material may be examined microscopically for Cigar-shaped bodies after staining with Giemsa or silver methanamine method. Pathogenicity test may be conducted in white mice or rat which shows granulomas in the mesentery besides peritonitis. Male mouse, if inoculated with the positive clinical specimen intra- testicularly, develops severe type of orchitis, and the exudate from testis will reveal Cigar-shaped-bodies in the direct microscopy. Serological tests particularly tube and latex agglutination may also help in diagnosis. Clinically, the disease may be mistaken for epizootic lymphangitis or ulcerative lymphangitis. Microscopical examination of pus smear will differentiate all these disease.


Treatment and prevention:
Animal sporotrichosis is best treated with potassium iodide orally or sodium iodide intravenously. Tincture of iodine may be applied daily externally on the ulcers. The sick animal may be isolated; proper disinfection of harness, gear, bedding and other equipment will prevent the spread of infection. Amphotericin B is being used in human infection. The persons employed in horticulture or forest work may use gum-boots to avoid the traumatic injury to the leg.


Related Discussions:- Sporotrichosis

Spoilage of butter, Q. Spoilage of butter? Butter, which has a high con...

Q. Spoilage of butter? Butter, which has a high content of fat, is subject to rancidity and microbial spoilage due to contaminated cream from which it has been prepared

Determine instruments that are required for sterilizations, Determine the I...

Determine the Instruments that are Required For Sterilization? The word sterilization is derived from the Latin word 'Sterilic' meaning unable to produce offsprings. Sterilizat

What is glucose tolerance test, Q. What is Glucose Tolerance Test? Gluc...

Q. What is Glucose Tolerance Test? Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) is used for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. In this test, blood sugar levels are measured after giving glucose

Lead to protein denaturation, Q. What are some factors that can lead to pro...

Q. What are some factors that can lead to protein denaturation? Protein denaturation can be caused by temperature variation, pH change, changes in the concentration of surround

#Cystic Fibrosis in Population , The cystic fibrosis allele occurs in Europ...

The cystic fibrosis allele occurs in European populations with q=0.02, what fraction of this population can be expected to have cystic fibrosis?

What is acute aortic regurgitation, Q. What is Acute Aortic Regurgitation? ...

Q. What is Acute Aortic Regurgitation? Infective endocarditis, aortic dissection and trauma often produce severe AR. Acute increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume es

Explain leaf primordia, Explain Leaf Primordia ? In contrast to the ro...

Explain Leaf Primordia ? In contrast to the root, which produces branches from meristematic tissue called the pericycle, shoots have areas of meristematic tissues called nodes

What is a goiter, What is a goiter? What is endemic goiter? How is this pro...

What is a goiter? What is endemic goiter? How is this problem socially solved? Goiter is the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. The goiter appears as a tumor in the ant

Immediate post-operative care to a cardiac patient, Immediate Post-operativ...

Immediate Post-operative Care The patient is accompanied to the ICU by a surgeon, anesthetist and the nurse who assisted for the surgery with portable ventilator and ECG

Which germ layer originate liver and the pancreas, Q. From which germ layer...

Q. From which germ layer do the liver and the pancreas originate? What are other organs and tissues made from that germ layer? The pancreas and the liver are originated from th

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd