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Attributes having a one value for a particular entity.
For instance, Age is a single valued attribute of a student entity.
Attributes that have more than single values for a specific entity is known as a multivalued attribute. Different entities may have dissimilar number of values for these types of attributes. For multivalued attributes we can also states the minimum and maximum number of vales that can be attached. For instance, phone number for a person entity is a multivalued attribute.
Briefly describe concurrency execution? Lock - based protocols Locks There are several modes in which a data item may be locked in this section we restrict our attention
Define Deadlock detection If a system does not employ a few protocols that make sure deadlock freedom, after that a detection and recovery scheme should be used. An algorithm
What is hash file organization? What are the causes of bucket overflow within a hash file organization? What can be completed to decrease the occurrence of bucket overflow?
Whst is logical schema ? Logical schema is the entire database.
Data Fragmentation "Fragmentation includes decomposing the data in relation to non-overlapping component relations". Why do we require fragmenting a relation?
There are two major types of fragmentation: Horizontal& Vertical. Horizontal fragments, as the name suggests are subsets of tuples and vertical fragments are subsets of attributes
What are data models? Explain it detail? Entity relationship model Rectangles Ellipse Diamonds Lines Relational model Relational model use a collection
How does the two phase protocol ensure serializability in database schedules? Ans: A transaction is termed to follow the two-phase locking protocol if all locking operations
Using Literal Character String Example: To print IS A as one string with column name employee SELECT ENAME || ' IS A ' || JOB AS "EMPLOYEE" FROM EMP;
For each 1: n relationship type R involving two entities E1 and E2, we recognize the entity type (say E1) at the n-side of the relationship type R and contain primary key of the en
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