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The simplified Bernoulli equation may be applied to peak velocity measurements to make non-invasive estimates of pressure gradients. Where Vl = peak velocity proximal to an obstruction
V2 = peak velocity distal to the obstruction.
This equation takes into consideration the velocity of flow on both sides of an obstruction.
Example: Peak velocity measured in the ascending aorta is 3 dsec, peak velocity measured in the left ventricular outflow is 2 dsec.
Gradient across the aortic valve = 4 (32-22) = 4 (9-4) = 20 mmHg.
If V is close to 1 dsec, it can be neglected and then even simpler version of the Bernoulli equation may be used:
P = 4V2
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