Simple batch systems, Basic Computer Science

Assignment Help:

Simple Batch Systems:

Early machines were very expensive, and therefore it was important to maximize machine utilization. To improve utilization, the concept of batch operating system was developed. It appears that the first batch operating system (and the first operating system of any kind) was developed in the mid-1950s by General Motors for use on an IBM 701. The concept was subsequently refined and implemented on the IBM 704 by a number of IBM customers.  

The central idea behind the batch processing  system was the use of a piece of software known as the monitor. With the use of this type of operating system, the user no longer had direct access to the machine. Rather, the user submitted the job on cards or tape to a computer operator, who batches the jobs together sequentially and places the entire batch on an input device, for use by the monitor.  Many important breakthroughs in operating system design occurred in the early 1960s which laid the foundation for design of modern operating system. 

 In 1963, Burroughs design of Master Control Program (MCP), which included design of many of the features of modern systems such as support for multiprocessing (with two identical CPUs) as well as multitasking capabilities. 

IBM introduces OS/360 as the operating system for its new System/360 in 1964. OD/360 provided a powerful language to expedite batch processing known as Job Control Language. It introduced a simple form of  multiprogramming  or multitasking feature that facilitated loading several jobs into main memory, so that other jobs programs could use the CPU when one job was busy with I/O. By this time, disks were also becoming available. To take its advantage the OS introduced features to cards onto disk while the CPU executed its jobs; thus, when a job completed, the OS could load another job from disk into memory, ready to run. This improved the OS scheduling capability. Multiprogramming or multitasking is the central theme of modern operating system.  


Related Discussions:- Simple batch systems

Constant , Constant: In contrast to a variable, which is used as ident...

Constant: In contrast to a variable, which is used as identifier for a value and which can change, constants are identifiers that are used for values, which cannot be changed.

Mainframe architecture, Mainframe Architecture: Till a few decades bac...

Mainframe Architecture: Till a few decades back, all computing was controlled through the central mainframes server. Multiple users could connect to the central host through u

Wide area networks and metropolitan area networks, Metropolitan Area Networ...

Metropolitan Area Networks : These type of networks generally cover specific metropolitan area and provide to them all the services.  Wide Area Networks (WANs): Wide Are

Ipv4 and ipv6, IPv6 documented in 1994 (RFC 1752) is still a collection...

IPv6 documented in 1994 (RFC 1752) is still a collection of Draft and Proposed standards Several pre-standard implementations exist IPv6 was intended to be a pragmatic up

Rooted tree, Ask qu The figure below shows a rooted tree, 756_Find the hei...

Ask qu The figure below shows a rooted tree, 756_Find the height.png 1.1. Find the height/level of the tree as shown above?estion #Minimum 100 words accepted#

Digital wireless telephone networks, Mobile telephone networks started with...

Mobile telephone networks started with analog technology. Analog cellular networks were known as first generation (1G) networks. Such networks had limited capacity, and were subjec

Assignment, write an essay explaining the following: 1.Storage aspects a. D...

write an essay explaining the following: 1.Storage aspects a. Disk formatting, b.Disk boot block ,c.Bad block removal, d.Compensation.

Process killed, 1. What actions need to be taken when a program terminates ...

1. What actions need to be taken when a program terminates or a process is killed? What if that process destruction is not the consequence of normal termination, but rather is the

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd