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Quantization Error
Sampling followed by quantization is equivalent to quantization followed by sampling. Figure illustrates a message signal f (t) and its quantized version denoted by fq(t). The difference between fq(t) and f (t) is known as the quantization error εq(t),
εq (t) = fq (t) - f(t)
Theoretically, fq(t) can be recovered in the receiver without error. The recovery of fq(t) can be viewed as the recovery of f (t) with an error (or noise) εq(t) present. For a small δv with a large number of levels, it can be shown that the mean-squared value of εq(t) is given by
When a digital communication system transmits an analog signal processed by a uniform quantizer, the best SNR that can be attained is given by
where S0 and Nq represent the average powers in f (t) and εq(t), respectively. When f (t) fluctuates symmetrically between equal magnitude extremes, i.e., -|f(t)|max ≤ f(t) ≤ |f(t)|max, choosing a sufficiently large number of levels L, the step size δv comes out as
It can be seen that messages with large crest factors will lead to poor performance.
Each of the following functions is abs(H(jw))^2 of a certain network function H(s). Obtain all the possible H(s) for each given abs(H(jw))^2. [(w^4)+25]/[(w^4)+(12w^2)+49]
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i want circuit theory relavant assingment sir please immediately
Explain the significance of the loss tangent of a dielectric material. The loss tangent contains a very small value for free space. For solid materials there tan δ = 0.003, tha
direct reading probes
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Design a recycling MOD 19 up counter using JK FFs. In your design, include the logic circuit diagram and the timing diagram output that counts from 000002 = 010 to 100112 = 1910. C
Q. Determine v o /v i for the circuit shown in Figure if the op amps are ideal.
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