Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Shoot Multiplication -Clonal Propagation

This is the most important step with respect to the rate of propagation and genetic uniformity of the product. The most reliable and, therefore, the most popular method of shoot multiplication is forced proliferation of axillary shoots. For this, cultures are initiated from apical or nodal cuttings carrying one or more vegetative buds. In the presence of a cytokinin alone or in combination with a low concentration of an auxin, such as IAA or NAA, the pre-existing buds grow and produce 4-6 shoots (sometimes up to 30-40 shoots) within 3-4 weeks. By periodic removal of individual shoots and planting them on fresh medium of the original composition, the shoot multiplication cycle can be repeated almost indefinitely, and a stock of large number of shoots built up in a short period of time.

Treatments with PGRs as described above can also help in a rapid buildup of shoots by inducing adventitious buds by the explant directly or after callusing. Somatic embryogenesis, which generally occurs after callusing of the explant, is another method of micro propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is not only fast, but may also allow partial automation of micro propagation and the propagules so produced (somatic embryos) bear both, shoot and root meristems. However, adventitive differentiation of shoots or somatic embryos, especially from callus tissue, has the risk of genetic variability in the progeny. Such variation, that develops in tissue culture called "somaclonal variation" is not desirable for micro propagation but is being exploited as a novel source of useful variations for crop improvement.


Related Discussions:- Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation

Cracking, Cracking is the process in which large molecules are broken into ...

Cracking is the process in which large molecules are broken into smaller molecules.                      C 10 H 22         C 5 H 12 + C 5 H 10                      C 8 H

Orbital shaker, How I can optimize shake flask culture?

How I can optimize shake flask culture?

Illustrate stage of cellular respiration, Q. What is the stage of cellular ...

Q. What is the stage of cellular respiration during which carbon dioxide is liberated? In aerobic cellular respiration the release of carbon dioxide happens in the transformati

Aeromonas associated zoonotic disease, Aeromonas associated zoonotic diseas...

Aeromonas associated zoonotic disease Aeromonas causes gastrointestinal infections and extra intestinal infections such as cellulitis, wound infectiopn, peritonitis, endocardi

Explain conservative substitution, Conservative Substitution: The nucleoti...

Conservative Substitution: The nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of protein, but which causes substitution of one amino acid with another which has a side ch

Chlorofluorocarbons cause global problem, In what way do chlorofluorocarbon...

In what way do chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) cause global problems? Chlorofluorocarbons react with and deplete the ozone in the ozone layer. This permits more ultra-violet light f

Why roots of many swamp plants have a special morphology, Why roots of many...

Why roots of many swamp plants have a special morphology? The Swamp and The marsh plants in general present supporting roots that ramify from portions of the stem above the gro

Define common complications with spinal trauma patients, Define Common comp...

Define Common complications with spinal trauma patients? Common complications with spinal trauma patients include pressure sores or decubitus ulcers, hypercalciuria and renal s

Determine the organs of the digestive system of earthworms, Which are the c...

Which are the characteristics and organs of the digestive system of earthworms related to the type of diet of these animals? Earthworms eat decomposing organic material and sma

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd