Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Shoot Multiplication -Clonal Propagation

This is the most important step with respect to the rate of propagation and genetic uniformity of the product. The most reliable and, therefore, the most popular method of shoot multiplication is forced proliferation of axillary shoots. For this, cultures are initiated from apical or nodal cuttings carrying one or more vegetative buds. In the presence of a cytokinin alone or in combination with a low concentration of an auxin, such as IAA or NAA, the pre-existing buds grow and produce 4-6 shoots (sometimes up to 30-40 shoots) within 3-4 weeks. By periodic removal of individual shoots and planting them on fresh medium of the original composition, the shoot multiplication cycle can be repeated almost indefinitely, and a stock of large number of shoots built up in a short period of time.

Treatments with PGRs as described above can also help in a rapid buildup of shoots by inducing adventitious buds by the explant directly or after callusing. Somatic embryogenesis, which generally occurs after callusing of the explant, is another method of micro propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is not only fast, but may also allow partial automation of micro propagation and the propagules so produced (somatic embryos) bear both, shoot and root meristems. However, adventitive differentiation of shoots or somatic embryos, especially from callus tissue, has the risk of genetic variability in the progeny. Such variation, that develops in tissue culture called "somaclonal variation" is not desirable for micro propagation but is being exploited as a novel source of useful variations for crop improvement.


Related Discussions:- Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation

Names of animals, write the names of these animals? 1.amoeba 2.sponge 3.hyd...

write the names of these animals? 1.amoeba 2.sponge 3.hydra 4.liverfluck 5.Iscariot 6.leech 7.insects 8.oyster 9.starfish 10.frog

Illustrate fluoxetine is an antidepressant drug or not, Fluoxetine is an an...

Fluoxetine is an antidepressant drug that presents an action mechanism related to the synaptic transmission. What is that mechanism? Fluoxetine is a substance that inhibits th

State the types of brain trauma, State the types of brain trauma? There...

State the types of brain trauma? There are two main types of brain trauma a) open head injury and b) closed head injury

Important aspects of nutritional needs during emergency, Define important a...

Define important aspects of nutritional needs during emergency situations? This unit discussed important aspects of nutritional needs during emergency situations and under envi

Flatworms, What are the adaptions flatworms neeed in order to live in their...

What are the adaptions flatworms neeed in order to live in their environment?

How campylobacteriosis is caused, How Campylobacteriosis is caused It i...

How Campylobacteriosis is caused It is caused by  Campylobacter jejuni, a Gram-negative rod. It is a microaerophillic organism, which means it has a requirement for reduced lev

What is rna, What is RNA? RNA is a single-stranded molecule which has...

What is RNA? RNA is a single-stranded molecule which has as its 5-carbon sugar ribose instead of the deoxyribose found in DNA. Also, uracil is substituted for thymine as a ni

Hematology case study , would i be able to get help on these case study que...

would i be able to get help on these case study questions

Occurrence of earthquake, Among the different natural hazards, earthquakes ...

Among the different natural hazards, earthquakes happen to be the most feared and dangerous because of their sudden impact and the devastation they cause in a matter of few seconds

What are the main interspecific ecological interactions, Q. What are the ma...

Q. What are the main interspecific ecological interactions? The major harmonious interspecific ecological interactions are: protocooperation, commensalism and mutualism. The ma

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd