Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Shoot Multiplication -Clonal Propagation

This is the most important step with respect to the rate of propagation and genetic uniformity of the product. The most reliable and, therefore, the most popular method of shoot multiplication is forced proliferation of axillary shoots. For this, cultures are initiated from apical or nodal cuttings carrying one or more vegetative buds. In the presence of a cytokinin alone or in combination with a low concentration of an auxin, such as IAA or NAA, the pre-existing buds grow and produce 4-6 shoots (sometimes up to 30-40 shoots) within 3-4 weeks. By periodic removal of individual shoots and planting them on fresh medium of the original composition, the shoot multiplication cycle can be repeated almost indefinitely, and a stock of large number of shoots built up in a short period of time.

Treatments with PGRs as described above can also help in a rapid buildup of shoots by inducing adventitious buds by the explant directly or after callusing. Somatic embryogenesis, which generally occurs after callusing of the explant, is another method of micro propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is not only fast, but may also allow partial automation of micro propagation and the propagules so produced (somatic embryos) bear both, shoot and root meristems. However, adventitive differentiation of shoots or somatic embryos, especially from callus tissue, has the risk of genetic variability in the progeny. Such variation, that develops in tissue culture called "somaclonal variation" is not desirable for micro propagation but is being exploited as a novel source of useful variations for crop improvement.


Related Discussions:- Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation

What is secretary diarrhoea, Q. What is Secretary diarrhoea? Secretary ...

Q. What is Secretary diarrhoea? Secretary diarrhoea: It is a result of active secretion OF electrolytes and water by the intestinal epithelium caused by bacterial and viral inf

Domestication and cultivation of ornamental plants, As with food crops, the...

As with food crops, the "discovery, domestication and cultivation" of ornamental plants have a long history. There is  indication that lilies were cultivated in China for both medi

Illustrate the interphase, Q. Is the cell division happening during the ent...

Q. Is the cell division happening during the entire cell cycle? What is the interphase? Cell division properly occurs throughout the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. During int

Radiometer-radiation instrument, Radiometer Radiometer measures the flu...

Radiometer Radiometer measures the flux of energy of all wavelengths received on a single surface of the receiver. There are also instruments that can measure the difference be

The upper or mountain course - classification of the river, The upper or mo...

The upper or mountain course - Classification of the river Here the water is fast flowing and runs through a 'V' shaped valley with unstable banks. The fast flowing water has

Define the visual accommodation, Q. What is visual accommodation? Visua...

Q. What is visual accommodation? Visual accommodation is the phenomenon of varying the curvature of the crystalline lens to make possible the difference of its refractivity to

Xerophytes, Xerophytes Xerophytes are sometimes loosely defineri as 'pl...

Xerophytes Xerophytes are sometimes loosely defineri as 'plants of dry habitats'. But others have defined xerophytes as 'plants which grow on the substratum that usually beco

Arterial blood gas studies, Arterial Blood Gas Studies: Purpose 1)  A me...

Arterial Blood Gas Studies: Purpose 1)  A measurement of partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide  in arterial blood, as well as the pH  of  the blood.  2) The Partial p

Evolutionary species concept, The evolutionary species concept which ident...

The evolutionary species concept which identifies a species as a "lineage (i.e. ancestor descendant sequence of population) evolving separately from others with its own unitary ro

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd