Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Shoot Multiplication -Clonal Propagation

This is the most important step with respect to the rate of propagation and genetic uniformity of the product. The most reliable and, therefore, the most popular method of shoot multiplication is forced proliferation of axillary shoots. For this, cultures are initiated from apical or nodal cuttings carrying one or more vegetative buds. In the presence of a cytokinin alone or in combination with a low concentration of an auxin, such as IAA or NAA, the pre-existing buds grow and produce 4-6 shoots (sometimes up to 30-40 shoots) within 3-4 weeks. By periodic removal of individual shoots and planting them on fresh medium of the original composition, the shoot multiplication cycle can be repeated almost indefinitely, and a stock of large number of shoots built up in a short period of time.

Treatments with PGRs as described above can also help in a rapid buildup of shoots by inducing adventitious buds by the explant directly or after callusing. Somatic embryogenesis, which generally occurs after callusing of the explant, is another method of micro propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is not only fast, but may also allow partial automation of micro propagation and the propagules so produced (somatic embryos) bear both, shoot and root meristems. However, adventitive differentiation of shoots or somatic embryos, especially from callus tissue, has the risk of genetic variability in the progeny. Such variation, that develops in tissue culture called "somaclonal variation" is not desirable for micro propagation but is being exploited as a novel source of useful variations for crop improvement.


Related Discussions:- Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation

Determine the molecular function, Please answer the following three questio...

Please answer the following three questions on Sequence Z: Metadata The GO Ontology is a very widely-used resource in the bioinformatics community as a tool to annotate

Dna structure, A)Which of the following statements about DNA structure is t...

A)Which of the following statements about DNA structure is true? 1.The nucleic acid strands in a DNA molecule are oriented ant parallel to each other, meaning they run in opposite

Define anaemia in pregnancy, Define Anaemia in Pregnancy? Anaemia is th...

Define Anaemia in Pregnancy? Anaemia is the most common complication and is often compounded by low socio- economic status. However, it is seen frequently in upper income women

How muscle contraction intensely increased, To increase the strength of the...

To increase the strength of the muscle work is the muscle contraction intensely increased? An increase in the strength of the muscle work is not achieved by enhance in the inte

Do the membranes form only the outer wrapping of cells, Q. Do the membranes...

Q. Do the membranes form only the outer wrapping of cells? Lipid membranes do not form only the outer cover of cells. Cell organelles, such as the Golgi complex, lysosomes, chl

Periodicity - qualitative characters, Periodicity (Phenology, Aspection) ...

Periodicity (Phenology, Aspection) It refers to the study of seasonal changes in the community, that is, the periodic phenomena of organisms in relation to their climate. Peri

What is facultative anaerobic beings, What is the difference between facult...

What is the difference between facultative anaerobic beings and obligate anaerobic beings? Facultative anaerobic beings, such as the fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a brewing y

What is hipot test ?, Hipot is an abbreviation for high potential. Usually,...

Hipot is an abbreviation for high potential. Usually, Hipot is a term given to a class of electrical safety testing instruments used to confirm electrical insulation in finished ap

Define difference between plant systematic and taxonomy, Define Difference ...

Define Difference between Plant Systematic and Taxonomy? Before coming to principles of taxonomy let us discuss the difference between taxonomy and systematic. Systematic is th

Explain skin changes during kwashiorkor, Explain Skin changes During Kwashi...

Explain Skin changes During Kwashiorkor? In many cases, dermatosis (changes in skin) is seen. Such changes are common in areas of friction. Dark pigmented patches, akin to sun-

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd