Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Shoot Multiplication -Clonal Propagation

This is the most important step with respect to the rate of propagation and genetic uniformity of the product. The most reliable and, therefore, the most popular method of shoot multiplication is forced proliferation of axillary shoots. For this, cultures are initiated from apical or nodal cuttings carrying one or more vegetative buds. In the presence of a cytokinin alone or in combination with a low concentration of an auxin, such as IAA or NAA, the pre-existing buds grow and produce 4-6 shoots (sometimes up to 30-40 shoots) within 3-4 weeks. By periodic removal of individual shoots and planting them on fresh medium of the original composition, the shoot multiplication cycle can be repeated almost indefinitely, and a stock of large number of shoots built up in a short period of time.

Treatments with PGRs as described above can also help in a rapid buildup of shoots by inducing adventitious buds by the explant directly or after callusing. Somatic embryogenesis, which generally occurs after callusing of the explant, is another method of micro propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is not only fast, but may also allow partial automation of micro propagation and the propagules so produced (somatic embryos) bear both, shoot and root meristems. However, adventitive differentiation of shoots or somatic embryos, especially from callus tissue, has the risk of genetic variability in the progeny. Such variation, that develops in tissue culture called "somaclonal variation" is not desirable for micro propagation but is being exploited as a novel source of useful variations for crop improvement.


Related Discussions:- Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation

Cystitis, C y s t i t i s It is the inflammation of urinary blad...

C y s t i t i s It is the inflammation of urinary bladder characterized by frequent painful urination and presence of blood and cells in urine. E t iology:

What are zymogens, Zymogens, or proenzymes, are enzymes secreted in inactiv...

Zymogens, or proenzymes, are enzymes secreted in inactive form. Under certain conditions, a zymogen shifts to the active form of the enzyme. Zymogen secretions in general occur due

What is..., What is antistaphylococcal prophylaxis and pseudomonas aerugino...

What is antistaphylococcal prophylaxis and pseudomonas aeruginosa? I''m doing a project on cystic fibrosis, and I''m curious what these terms have to do with the disease. Thanks!

Define about the growth and development in children, Define about the Growt...

Define about the Growth and development in children? Growth and development in children can be studied under the following heads: . • Changes in physical development and bod

Fertilisation, Explain how the uterus supports the development of a baby du...

Explain how the uterus supports the development of a baby during gestation

What are plankton and benthos, What are plankton, nekton and benthos? P...

What are plankton, nekton and benthos? Plankton, nekton and benthos are the three groups into which aquatic living beings may be separated. The plankton is formed by the alg

What is the physiological cause of the syndrome, What is the physiological ...

What is the physiological cause of the syndrome known as cretinism? Cretinism is caused by chronic deficiency of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) during childhood. The chronic

Define discovery of other essential nutrients, Define Discovery of other Es...

Define Discovery of other Essential Nutrients? Following the identification of the food factors involved in beriberi, pellagra and scurvy, the search was on for other water-sol

Central and peripheral nervous systems, The brain is only a part of a large...

The brain is only a part of a larger nervous system that extends to each part of the body. The nervous system can be divided into central nervous system (CNS), which consists of th

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd