Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Shoot Multiplication -Clonal Propagation

This is the most important step with respect to the rate of propagation and genetic uniformity of the product. The most reliable and, therefore, the most popular method of shoot multiplication is forced proliferation of axillary shoots. For this, cultures are initiated from apical or nodal cuttings carrying one or more vegetative buds. In the presence of a cytokinin alone or in combination with a low concentration of an auxin, such as IAA or NAA, the pre-existing buds grow and produce 4-6 shoots (sometimes up to 30-40 shoots) within 3-4 weeks. By periodic removal of individual shoots and planting them on fresh medium of the original composition, the shoot multiplication cycle can be repeated almost indefinitely, and a stock of large number of shoots built up in a short period of time.

Treatments with PGRs as described above can also help in a rapid buildup of shoots by inducing adventitious buds by the explant directly or after callusing. Somatic embryogenesis, which generally occurs after callusing of the explant, is another method of micro propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is not only fast, but may also allow partial automation of micro propagation and the propagules so produced (somatic embryos) bear both, shoot and root meristems. However, adventitive differentiation of shoots or somatic embryos, especially from callus tissue, has the risk of genetic variability in the progeny. Such variation, that develops in tissue culture called "somaclonal variation" is not desirable for micro propagation but is being exploited as a novel source of useful variations for crop improvement.


Related Discussions:- Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation

Explain increased fibrinogen levels-thrombogenic factors, Explain Increased...

Explain Increased Fibrinogen Levels and Other Thrombogenic Factors ? Thsombogenesis is an important component in the pathological process of atherosclerosis and so it is not s

Define reaction of glucose & fructose with fehlings reagent, Define Reactio...

Define Reaction of glucose and fructose with Fehlings reagent? Lactose is a milk sugar. It is a reducing disaccharide having a free sugar group and can reduce Fehling's reagent

What is the essential concepts of endosseous healing, Essential Concepts of...

Essential Concepts of Endosseous healing 1) Osteoblast is the prime bone matrix synthesizing cell. Like most secretory cells, osteoblasts are polarized cells, and the direction

What bacterial cell structures are used to carry the genes, What bacterial ...

What bacterial cell structures are used to carry the genes intended for genetic engineering? The cells structures in bacteria which carry genes intended for genetic engineering

Structures in a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart, Which of the follow...

Which of the following structures in a vertebrate with a four-chambered heart would have blood with the highest oxygen concentration? And why?

Define fluorides metabolism, Define fluorides Metabolism? Soluble fluor...

Define fluorides Metabolism? Soluble fluorides, even at high intake levels are almost completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract. These include aqueous solutions of fluori

Invertebrates, 1) What are some characteristics that define the lifestyle o...

1) What are some characteristics that define the lifestyle of a parasitic nematode? 2) What are beneficial nematodes? Discuss their significance

Write the positive ion isoelectronic with neon, Write the positive ion isoe...

Write the positive ion isoelectronic with neon The positive ion isoelectronic with neon must have 10 electrons and 11 protons, and thus must have an  atomic number = 11. This i

Recycling of plasma membrane components, Recycling of Plasma Membrane Compo...

Recycling of Plasma Membrane Components During exocytosis secretory vesicles fuse with plasma membrane, adding to the membrane surface area. Yet, the surface area of plasma me

State the benefit of the new brain imaging technology, Benefit of the new b...

Benefit of the new brain imaging technology Benefit from the new brain imaging technology, notably the CT scan, and the application of high speed computer technologies, permitt

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd