Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Shoot Multiplication -Clonal Propagation

This is the most important step with respect to the rate of propagation and genetic uniformity of the product. The most reliable and, therefore, the most popular method of shoot multiplication is forced proliferation of axillary shoots. For this, cultures are initiated from apical or nodal cuttings carrying one or more vegetative buds. In the presence of a cytokinin alone or in combination with a low concentration of an auxin, such as IAA or NAA, the pre-existing buds grow and produce 4-6 shoots (sometimes up to 30-40 shoots) within 3-4 weeks. By periodic removal of individual shoots and planting them on fresh medium of the original composition, the shoot multiplication cycle can be repeated almost indefinitely, and a stock of large number of shoots built up in a short period of time.

Treatments with PGRs as described above can also help in a rapid buildup of shoots by inducing adventitious buds by the explant directly or after callusing. Somatic embryogenesis, which generally occurs after callusing of the explant, is another method of micro propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is not only fast, but may also allow partial automation of micro propagation and the propagules so produced (somatic embryos) bear both, shoot and root meristems. However, adventitive differentiation of shoots or somatic embryos, especially from callus tissue, has the risk of genetic variability in the progeny. Such variation, that develops in tissue culture called "somaclonal variation" is not desirable for micro propagation but is being exploited as a novel source of useful variations for crop improvement.


Related Discussions:- Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation

Bile salts, BIL E SALTS These are sodium or potassium taurocholate ...

BIL E SALTS These are sodium or potassium taurocholate & glycolate. Lethocholic acid, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid & taurocholic acids are found in bile. Helps in em

Define about ecological models, Why do ecological models commonly have limi...

Why do ecological models commonly have limited applications? The applications of ecological models are limited due to the models are normally very simple and do not accurately

Fertilization - pre-embryonic development, Fertilization - Pre-Embryonic De...

Fertilization - Pre-Embryonic Development Ovulation generally takes place between 9th to 14th day after the end of last menstrual period. Fertilization of oocyte initiates dev

New Technology, What is the best microscope to get a detailed view of the p...

What is the best microscope to get a detailed view of the parts inside of a preserved plant cell

What is syphilis, What is syphilis? Syphilis, also known as lues, is a ...

What is syphilis? Syphilis, also known as lues, is a disease caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. Before the discovery of penicillin, syphilis was a fatal disease. Today

Briefly explain about pickled vegetables, Briefly explain about Pickled veg...

Briefly explain about Pickled vegetables These are produced by spontaneous lactic acid fermentation. Fermentation improves the digestibility and wholesomeness  of the product.

Photosynthesis rate varies according to the photic energy, Photosynthesis r...

Photosynthesis rate varies according to the photic energy intensity. Do the similar occur in aerobic respiration? What happens to the glucose balance as a result of these variation

Determine teenager mindset and the eating disorders, Determine Teenager min...

Determine Teenager mindset and the eating disorders? Self image is an important determinant of weight and figure. Mostly girls under eat as already mentioned earlier, in order

Digestive system - teeth, TEET H - Study of teeth is odontol...

TEET H - Study of teeth is odontology. Accumulation of oral bacteria & their products on teeth is plaque. Some acids are secreted by bacteria causing carries.

Timber, what is cup shake?

what is cup shake?

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd