Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Shoot Multiplication -Clonal Propagation

This is the most important step with respect to the rate of propagation and genetic uniformity of the product. The most reliable and, therefore, the most popular method of shoot multiplication is forced proliferation of axillary shoots. For this, cultures are initiated from apical or nodal cuttings carrying one or more vegetative buds. In the presence of a cytokinin alone or in combination with a low concentration of an auxin, such as IAA or NAA, the pre-existing buds grow and produce 4-6 shoots (sometimes up to 30-40 shoots) within 3-4 weeks. By periodic removal of individual shoots and planting them on fresh medium of the original composition, the shoot multiplication cycle can be repeated almost indefinitely, and a stock of large number of shoots built up in a short period of time.

Treatments with PGRs as described above can also help in a rapid buildup of shoots by inducing adventitious buds by the explant directly or after callusing. Somatic embryogenesis, which generally occurs after callusing of the explant, is another method of micro propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is not only fast, but may also allow partial automation of micro propagation and the propagules so produced (somatic embryos) bear both, shoot and root meristems. However, adventitive differentiation of shoots or somatic embryos, especially from callus tissue, has the risk of genetic variability in the progeny. Such variation, that develops in tissue culture called "somaclonal variation" is not desirable for micro propagation but is being exploited as a novel source of useful variations for crop improvement.


Related Discussions:- Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation

Excreation, what is the role of liver for the metabolism of carbohydrates

what is the role of liver for the metabolism of carbohydrates

Gases will be taken in and given out by a green plant, What gases will be t...

What gases will be taken in and given out by a green plant (a) in darkness, (b) in bright sunlight?   a) In low light intensities a green plant will be taking in oxygen and

What capacity of hemoglobin include, Manifestations of anemia that are dire...

Manifestations of anemia that are directly due to the diminished oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin include: Answer A. pale skin. B. bleeding. C. bone pain. D. fatigue.

Define the drugs effects on excretion, Define the Drugs Effects on Excretio...

Define the Drugs Effects on Excretion? Use of certain drugs can influence the excretion of certain substances. For example, besides their intended increase in sodium excretion,

Use of beta-blockers-peri operative problems, Use of Beta-blockers :  ...

Use of Beta-blockers :  In some centres, patients are routinely put on beta-blockers after CABG. European coronary artery surgery study showed that only 25 per cent of patient

Phylum chordata, main subdivision of phylum chordata

main subdivision of phylum chordata

The process of evolutionary cephalization be described, Using examples of i...

Using examples of invertebrate nervous systems how can the process of evolutionary cephalization be described? Considering the instance of invertebrates it is observed that ev

Temperature - estuaries, Temperature - Estuaries Another importan...

Temperature - Estuaries Another important variable is temperature. The temperature of estuary keeps on fluctuating it heats up and cools down more rapidly under prevailin

Define direct visualisation of coronary arteries, Q. Define Direct Visualis...

Q. Define Direct Visualisation of Coronary Arteries? Ans. Coronary arteries cad be directly visualized using two-dimensional echocardiography, especially in patients with

Cloning protocol, Sally Subcloner wants to clone a fragment into pUC19 (Map...

Sally Subcloner wants to clone a fragment into pUC19 (Map above – From New England Biolabs). Her fragment was a protein coding gene of 2.7 kb, and had XhoI sites on either end (and

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd