Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation, Biology

Assignment Help:

Shoot Multiplication -Clonal Propagation

This is the most important step with respect to the rate of propagation and genetic uniformity of the product. The most reliable and, therefore, the most popular method of shoot multiplication is forced proliferation of axillary shoots. For this, cultures are initiated from apical or nodal cuttings carrying one or more vegetative buds. In the presence of a cytokinin alone or in combination with a low concentration of an auxin, such as IAA or NAA, the pre-existing buds grow and produce 4-6 shoots (sometimes up to 30-40 shoots) within 3-4 weeks. By periodic removal of individual shoots and planting them on fresh medium of the original composition, the shoot multiplication cycle can be repeated almost indefinitely, and a stock of large number of shoots built up in a short period of time.

Treatments with PGRs as described above can also help in a rapid buildup of shoots by inducing adventitious buds by the explant directly or after callusing. Somatic embryogenesis, which generally occurs after callusing of the explant, is another method of micro propagation. Somatic embryogenesis is not only fast, but may also allow partial automation of micro propagation and the propagules so produced (somatic embryos) bear both, shoot and root meristems. However, adventitive differentiation of shoots or somatic embryos, especially from callus tissue, has the risk of genetic variability in the progeny. Such variation, that develops in tissue culture called "somaclonal variation" is not desirable for micro propagation but is being exploited as a novel source of useful variations for crop improvement.


Related Discussions:- Shoot multiplication -clonal propagation

Define use of isotopically labelled nutrients, Define Use of Isotopically L...

Define Use of Isotopically Labelled Nutrients? Nutrient Turnover Radioactive labelled nutrients are used to know the total body pool and the compartment in which it is stored.

How different are cnidarians from poriferans, Concerning tissue complexity ...

Concerning tissue complexity how different are cnidarians from poriferans? Cnidarians have true tissue differentiation, they present separate organized tissues in the body. Por

Which are specialized conductive tissues of the plants, Which are specializ...

Which are specialized conductive tissues of the plants? Vascular tissues of the plants are the phloem and the xylem. The Xylem is the plant tissue that forms the vessels that c

Determine the occurrence of vitamin B12, Occurrence of vitamin B 12 Vi...

Occurrence of vitamin B 12 Vitamin B 12 is one of the cobalamin, a group of active principles widely occurring in nature. Vitamin B 12 is present especially in liver, kidney

Soil ph and nutrient availability, Soil pH and Nutrient Availability So...

Soil pH and Nutrient Availability Soil pH is the most important factor which governs the availability of nutrients in soil. All the nutrients are absorbed by plants in their io

Pathophysiology of tricuspid regurgitation, Q. Pathophysiology of Tricuspid...

Q. Pathophysiology of Tricuspid regurgitation? Tricuspid regurgitation is associated with prominent venous filling waves and elevated right atrial venous pressures. Hepatic and

What is meant by the arch reflex, Q. What is meant by the arch reflex? ...

Q. What is meant by the arch reflex? In some situations the movement of the skeletal striated muscles does not depend upon commands of the superior motor neurons that it is not

Determine the stability of natural colorants in foods, Stability of Natural...

Stability of Natural Colorants in Foods Many attempts have been made to retain colouration by adding chemicals or modifying processing conditions. Ascorbic acid has been claime

Explain eicosanoids, Explain Eicosanoids Eicosanoids are the  local h...

Explain Eicosanoids Eicosanoids are the  local hormones formed  by  body  tissues during self-healing responses  to  stimuli.  Eicosanoids are  a family  of  compounds  deriv

What is the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, Q. What is the et...

Q. What is the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis? How is the disease transmitted and what are its typical manifestations? The protozoan Leishmania braziliensis is et

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd