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Semidifference via EXCEPT and JOIN - SQL
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED
WHERE Name = 'Devinder'
EXCEPT DISTINCT CORRESPONDING
SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON
WHERE CourseId = 'C1') AS T1
NATURAL JOIN IS_CALLED
The NOT IN expression above appears to be testing for the appearance of a character string in a table, but in fact the first operand in this context is short for ROW(StudentId)
Naming Conventions The similar naming conventions apply to all PL/SQL program items and units including the variables, cursors, constants, cursor variables, procedures, exception
Using Operator REF: You can retrieve refs by using the operator REF that, like VALUE, takes as its argument a correlation variable. In the illustration below, you retrieve one
Assigning and Comparing Collections One collection can be assigned to other by an SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or FETCH statement, an assignment statement, or by a subprogram call. A
Implicit Rollbacks Before execute the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, the Oracle marks an implicit savepoint . When the statement fails, the Oracle rolls back to the save
Overview of control structures According to the structure theorem, any computer program can be written by using the basic control structures as shown in figure below. They can b
UNION and OR - SQL SQL supports UNION explicitly but differently from the way it supports JOIN explicitly. As we have seen, JOIN is used exclusively within the FROM clause, su
Constants and Variables: You can declare the constants and variables in the declarative section of any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. The Declarations allot the stor
Raise_application_error - procedure of package DBMS_STANDARD , allows to issue an user_defined error messages by stored sub-program or database trigger.
BETWEEN Operator The operator BETWEEN, tests whether the value lies in a specified series. That means "greater than or equivalent to low value and less than or equivalent to hig
1- You can check attribute names from each table in DBF11 by running for example: desc dbf11.Member; desc dbf11.Agent; desc dbf11.Producer; Because some attribute names in
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