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Semidifference via EXCEPT and JOIN - SQL
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED
WHERE Name = 'Devinder'
EXCEPT DISTINCT CORRESPONDING
SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON
WHERE CourseId = 'C1') AS T1
NATURAL JOIN IS_CALLED
The NOT IN expression above appears to be testing for the appearance of a character string in a table, but in fact the first operand in this context is short for ROW(StudentId)
WHEN or THEN Key Constraints Suppose a table has two columns representing a period of time throughout which the information conveyed by the other columns is recorded as having
Semijoin and Composition - SQL For semijoin, the dyadic relational operator MATCHING, defined thus: r1 MATCHING r2, where r1 and r2 are relations such that r1 JOIN r2 is de
Using Operator REF: You can retrieve refs by using the operator REF that, like VALUE, takes as its argument a correlation variable. In the illustration below, you retrieve one
OPEN-FOR Statement The OPEN-FOR statements execute the multi-row query related with a cursor variable. It also allocates the resources used by the Oracle to process the query a
How Calls Are Resolved? The figure shows that how the PL/SQL compiler resolves the subprogram calls. When the compiler encounters the procedure or function call, it tries to di
How Transactions Guard Your Database The transaction is a sequence of SQL data manipulation statements which does a logical unit of work. The Oracle treats the sequence of SQL
JOIN and AND in SQL In this Section is all about one operator, JOIN. SQL's closest counterpart, NATURAL JOIN, has already been covered. Here we look at several other "join" op
Using EXCEPTION_INIT To handle unnamed internal exceptions, you should use the OTHERS handler or the pragma EXCEPTION_INIT. The pragma is a compiler directive that can be th
Records Records are the items of the type RECORD. The Records have exclusively named fields that can store the data values of various types. And hence, a record treat associate
This is a Customer Management project. Customer data is presented in a text file. The program will load this text data into its DB columns. The data mapping is user definable. User
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