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Semidifference and NOT - SQL
In this section first describe the relational difference operator, named MINUS. Example here shows SQL's closest counterpart of that operator.
Example: Difference in SQL
SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED
WHERE Name = 'Devinder'
EXCEPT DISTINCT CORRESPONDING
FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON
WHERE CourseId = 'C1'
The syntax for EXCEPT exactly parallels that for UNION. The key words DISTINCT, ALL, and CORRESPONDING have exactly the same significance as in UNION, and DISTINCT remains the default option. When CORRESPONDING is not given, columns are paired by ordinal position, as in UNION.
Exceptions An exception is the runtime error or warning condition that can be predefined or user-defined. The Predefined exceptions are raised implicitly through runtime system
PITS Depressions in secondary cell wall is called pit. A pit present on the free cell wall surface without its partner is called Blind pit. It consists of 2 parts -
Using a join on 3 tables, select 5 columns and 10 rows from the 3 tables without the use of a Cartesian product Query: SELECT E.LAST_NAME, E.FIRST_NAME, S.BUILDING, S.BRAN
IF Statement The IF statement executes a series of statement conditionally. Whether the series is executed or not depends on the value of the Boolean expression. Syntax:
DBMS_PIPE: The Package DBMS_PIPE allows various sessions to communicate over the named pipes. (A pipe is a region of memory used by one of the process to pass information to
Example of Check Constraints Example: Workaround for when subqueries not permitted in CHECK constraints CREATE FUNCTION NO_MORE_THAN_20000_ENROLMENTS ( ) RETURNS BOOLEAN
a. Write an anonymous block that contains a PL/SQL function. Given an order number orderNo, the function will calculate the total number of the parts in the order. Then the anonym
Tautology - Equivalences Rules: If there Tautologies are not all the time as much easy to note as the one above so than we can use these truth tables to be definite that a sta
Attributes: Just similar to variable, an attribute is declared with a name and datatype. The name should be exclusive within the object type. The datatype can be any Oracle ty
Using Cursor Attributes: Every cursor has 4 attributes: %NOTFOUND, %FOUND, %ISOPEN, and %ROWCOUNT. If appended to the cursor name, they return the helpful information about
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