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Semidifference and NOT - SQL
In this section first describe the relational difference operator, named MINUS. Example here shows SQL's closest counterpart of that operator.
Example: Difference in SQL
SELECT StudentId
FROM IS_CALLED
WHERE Name = 'Devinder'
EXCEPT DISTINCT CORRESPONDING
FROM IS_ENROLLED_ON
WHERE CourseId = 'C1'
The syntax for EXCEPT exactly parallels that for UNION. The key words DISTINCT, ALL, and CORRESPONDING have exactly the same significance as in UNION, and DISTINCT remains the default option. When CORRESPONDING is not given, columns are paired by ordinal position, as in UNION.
Scope and Visibility The References to an identifier are resolved according to its visibility and scope. The scope of an identifier is that area of a program unit (subprogram, b
Case Sensitivity Similar to all the identifiers, the variables, the names of constants, and parameters are not case sensitive. For illustration, PL/SQL considers the following n
Explicitly specifying the join condition - SQL SELECT * FROM IS_CALLED JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON ON ( IS_CALLED.StudentId = IS_ENROLLED_ON.StudentId ) Now, the key word JO
Package Specification The package specifications contain the public declarations. The scopes of these declarations are local to your database representation and global to the
Deleting Objects You can use the DELETE statement to eradicate objects from an object table. To eradicate objects selectively, you use the WHERE clause, as shown below: BEG
LOOP Statements The LOOP statements execute a series of statements at multiple times. The loops enclose the series of statements that is to be repeated. The PL/SQL provides typ
Redeclaring Predefined Exceptions Keep in mind that, the PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions globally in the package STANDARD; Therefore you need not declare them yourself.
FOR-LOOP While the number of iterations through a WHILE loop is unknown till the loop completes, then the number of iterations through a FOR loop is known before the loop is ent
Using FIRST and LAST FIRST and LAST return the first and last (minimum and maximum) index numbers in a collection. When the collection is empty, the FIRST and LAST return NULL
Using Operator DEREF: You cannot navigate through refs within the PL/SQL procedural statements. Rather than, you should use the operator DEREF in the SQL statement. The DEREF
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