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Selective replication: This is a combination of generating small fragments of relation and replicating them rather than a entire relation. The data should be fragmented on require basis of several sites, as per the frequency of use, or else data is kept at a centralised site. The aim of this strategy is to have just the benefits of the other approach but none of the drawbacks. This is the most commonly used strategy as it gives flexibility.
Data Independence This brings us to our next topic: data independence. It is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any change in any level of sc
What are shortcomings in structured approach? Structured methodology treats data and their behaviours separately, and this makes it harder to isolate changes. If changes are re
Question 1 Discuss about second normal form and third normal form Question 2 Write short note on 1) Data Manipulation Language 2) Data Definition La
Find out the names of all employees who work for first Bank Corporation from database. SELECT EMPLOYEE_NAME FROM WORKS WHERE COMPANYNAME = ‘First Bank Corporation';
What is a SELECT operation? The select operation selects tuples that please a given predicate. We use the lowercase letter σ to denote selection.
Define Atom of domain relational calculus An atom has the outline 1 , x 2 , ... , x n > -> r , in which r stands for a relation on n attributes and x 1 , x 2 , ... , x n ar
Define Hash files organization a. Hashing includes computing the address of a data item by calculating a function on the search key value. b. A hash function h is a functi
What do you mean through integrity constraints? Integrity Constraints -An integrity constraint is a condition specified on a database schema and restricts the data in which
List out various user authorization to modify the database schema. a) Index authorization b) Resource authorization c) Alteration authorization d) Drop authorizat
What is Asterisk in SQL? Asterisk (*): In SQL, the columns for all the tables and views in the FROM clause will be displayed.
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