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Selection of file Organization:
While designing a file, the programmer should select an appropriate association for a file. The order in which the choice is to be made is as shown below:
(i) Implementation support difficulty.
(ii) Software support required.
(iii) Efficiency of processing.
Literals: The actual values can too appear in a program. These values are termed as literals. For illustration, the statement MOVE 0 TO TOTAL indicates that the value zero wil
OPEN statement: We know that the processing of a file should start with the execution of an OPEN statement. The file can be opened in any one of the 4 open modes - INPUT, OUTP
What is the difference between subscript and index
How do I move a single QUOTE to a field or set the value clause? "''" does not work?
Example of Perform statement: PERFORM BEGIN-CALCULATION THRU END-CALCULATION. Assume, BEGIN-CALCULATION and END-CALCULTION is paragraph names. The execution of the PERFORM
Example of Level numbers - cobol programming: To explain the hierarchical structure introduced above, the concept of the level number is employed in COBOL. The most broad
STATEMENTS FOR SEQUENTIAL FILES: A basic operation on a file includes the reading and writing of its records. Whenever the file is sequential, there are three verbs for the
Group Item as Operand in the Relational Condition: Whenever an operand of a relational condition is the group item, the item is then considered to be an alphanumeric field. Th
FILE-CONTROL: The FILE-CONTROL paragraph names each and every file and identifies the first medium through file control entries. The basic format of a file control entry is gi
Rules of read statements: The next record is identified according to the rules as shown below: (i) Whenever the READ NEXT statement is the initial statement to be executed
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