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But how can we carry out fragmentation? Fragmentation may be carried out as per the following rules:
a) Completeness: This rule makes sure that there is no loss of data while fragmentation. If a relation is decomposed into fragments, then every data item must appear in at least single fragment.
b) Reconstruction: This rule makes sure preservation of functional dependencies. It should be possible to describe a relational operation that will reconstruct the relation from its fragments.
c) Disjointness: A data item that shows in a fragment should not show in any other fragment. Though, a typical fragmentation known as vertical fragmentation is an exception to this rule. In vertical fragmentation the primary key attributes must be repeated to permit reconstruction of original relation.
This rule makes sure minimization of data redundancy. What are the dissimilar types of fragmentation?
explain at least five widly used case tools
what is the importance of back up files
Consider the relations described below: PHYSICIAN (regno, name, telno, city) PATIENT (pname, street, city) VISIT (pname, regno, date_of_visit, fee) Where the regno and pname ide
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deffine class&object
Your friend owns and operates a wholesale shoe business with annual revenues of $5 million dollars. His wholesale business specializes in supplying and supporting retailers with sh
Consider student (std_id, std_name, date_of_birth, phone, dept_name). Put the data for a student with student id200, name arun, birth date 1 February, 1985, phone number (01110 328
Draw the precedence graph of the following schedule and determine whether the schedule is serializable. (Note that all instructions, except lock and unlock, are omitted. We assume
A database will be made to store information about patients in a hospital. On arrival, each patient’s personal details (name, address, and telephone number) are recorded where poss
Write a query to define tables students and teachers as sub tables of people? Create table students of student under people Create table teachers of teacher under people
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