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But how can we carry out fragmentation? Fragmentation may be carried out as per the following rules:
a) Completeness: This rule makes sure that there is no loss of data while fragmentation. If a relation is decomposed into fragments, then every data item must appear in at least single fragment.
b) Reconstruction: This rule makes sure preservation of functional dependencies. It should be possible to describe a relational operation that will reconstruct the relation from its fragments.
c) Disjointness: A data item that shows in a fragment should not show in any other fragment. Though, a typical fragmentation known as vertical fragmentation is an exception to this rule. In vertical fragmentation the primary key attributes must be repeated to permit reconstruction of original relation.
This rule makes sure minimization of data redundancy. What are the dissimilar types of fragmentation?
Illustrate different types of Locks in SQL Server. There are three kinds of locks in SQL Server i.) Shared locks - These are used for operations which don't allow any update
Consider the following six relation schemes and their corresponding sets of functional dependencies. In each case identify a. All the candidate keys b. The highest normal for
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Distributed query and transaction processing a. Construct a query around any one of the functional divisions you made in 4a such that if executed in the distributed design of 4
Using Literal Character String Example: To print IS A as one string with column name employee SELECT ENAME || ' IS A ' || JOB AS "EMPLOYEE" FROM EMP;
Explain degree of relation? Degree of a Relation - The degree or arity of a relation is the number of attributes n of its relation schema.
The entity type STUDENT has the following attributes: Student Name, Address, Phone, Age, Activity, and No of Years. Activity represents some campus-based student activity, and No o
Create Student DB and execute Insert query? STUDENT (name, student#, class, major) COURSE (course name, course#, credit hours, department) SECTION (section identifier, course
What are composite objects? Objects that have other objects are known as complex objects or composite objects.
What type of view of total database content? Data base content Conceptual view of total database contain.
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