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ScopingWithin the similar scope, all the declared identifiers should be unique. So, even if their datatypes differ, the variables and parameters cannot share the similar name. For illustration, two of the declarations below are illegal:DECLAREvalid_id BOOLEAN;valid_id VARCHAR2(5); -- illegal duplicate identifierFUNCTION bonus (valid_id IN INTEGER) RETURN REAL IS... -- illegal triplicate identifier
Identifiers You use identifiers to name the PL/SQL program items and units that include constants, variables, cursors, exceptions, cursor variables, subprograms, and packages.
Use Native Dynamic SQL A few programs (a normal-purpose report writer for illustration) should build and process a variety of SQL statements at run time. Therefore, their full
CHECK Constraints in SQL A CHECK constraint is a table constraint defined using the key word CHECK, as already illustrated in several examples in this chapter. In particular,
Biconditional - SQL The biconditional p ↔ q can be expressed in Tutorial D by p = q and the same is true of SQL. The question then arises as to whether, in SQL, p = q is equiv
Indeterminacy in SQL Some SQL expressions are actually not function invocations at all in the mathematical sense, being indeterminate-invocations operating on identical input
Object Types An object type is a user-defined complex datatype which encapsulates the data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data. Th
Keyword & Parameter Description: boolean_expression: This is an expression which yields the Boolean value that is TRUE, FALSE, & NULL. character_expression: This
what is the use of declare keyword
Multiple Assignment- SQL SQL supports multiple assignment to local variables and also applies multiple assignment semantics in SET clauses of UPDATE statements, but does not
FOR-LOOP While the number of iterations through a WHILE loop is unknown till the loop completes, then the number of iterations through a FOR loop is known before the loop is ent
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