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ScopingWithin the similar scope, all the declared identifiers should be unique. So, even if their datatypes differ, the variables and parameters cannot share the similar name. For illustration, two of the declarations below are illegal:DECLAREvalid_id BOOLEAN;valid_id VARCHAR2(5); -- illegal duplicate identifierFUNCTION bonus (valid_id IN INTEGER) RETURN REAL IS... -- illegal triplicate identifier
Operator Precedence The operations within an expression are completed in a particular order depending on their precedence (priority). The table shows the default order of the op
Using DEFAULT You can use the keyword DEFAULT rather than that of the assignment operator to initialize the variables. For e.g. the declaration blood_type CHAR := ’O’; it can b
Declaring Subprograms You can declare subprograms in any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. But, you should declare subprograms at the end of the declarative part after a
Declaring Cursor Variables Once a REF CURSOR type is define by you, and then you can declare the cursor variables of that type in any PL/SQL block or subprogram. In the exampl
MAX and MIN operator in SQL Example: (SELECT MAX (Mark) FROM EXAM_MARK WHERE StudentId = 'S1') (SELECT MIN (Mark) FROM EXAM_MARK WHERE StudentId = 'S1') Example
Advantages of Packages The benefits of the Packages are as shown below: Modularity The Packages encapsulate logically associated items, types, and subprograms in the
Ending Transactions A good quality programming practice is to commit or roll back every transaction explicitly. Whether you rollback or issue the commit in your PL/SQL program
Using %TYPE The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a variable or the database column. In the example below, the %TYPE gives the datatype of a variable: credit REAL(7,2); debi
LAWS / RULES - Dollo's Law : Living organisms do exhibit evolutionary irreversibility or evolution is irreversible. Williston's Law
Defining REF CURSOR Types To make cursor variables, you take 2 steps. At first, you define a REF CURSOR type, and then declare the cursor variables of that type. You can defin
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