SCIENTIFIC METHOD -
The scientific approach to explain a particular phenomenon require a series of organized steps based on common sense. It is called scientific method.
A scientific method is not mere conjecture but based on facts and observations subject to test and verification.
The steps followed in a scientific method are -
1. OBSERVATION
Observations are generally made by applying our sense like that of sight, smell, hearing, touch and taste. The most common source for observations are of course the eyes and also using binoculars, telescope, and microscope.
2. DEFINING A PROBLEM
Observation lead to enquires. For example mosquitoes are more in summer and rainy season. Rat and mice are active during night time. Frog are more active in rainy season.
In other words, after making accurate observation, a scientist clearly defines a problem to work upon.
3. PREDICTION OR HYPOTHESIS
It involves generalize various observation so that some reasonable answer can be put forth for a particular problem.
4. EXPERIMENTATION
Experimental part of the scientific method is very crucial and require analytical mind of the scientist. If the result of experiment is according to those expected from the hypothesis, the hypothesis is said to be true.
5. CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
A control consists of everything similar to the original experiment except one particular factor which is assumed to be the cause of the phenomenon under study.
6. FORMATION OF THEORY
When a hypothesis gets established through experimental data from several sources, it is termed a theory. A theory by no means can be said to be the ultimate truth. It is always open to question and can prove wrong by further collection of facts.