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Rephrase Conditional Control Statements
When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops evaluating the expression as soon as the result can be determined. For illustration, in the OR expression below, when the value of sal is less than 1500, the left operand yields TRUE, Therefore PL/SQL need not evaluate the right operand (as OR returns TRUE if either of its operands is true):
IF (sal < 1500) OR (comm IS NULL) THEN
...
END IF;
Now, consider the AND expression shown below:
IF credit_ok(cust_id) AND (loan < 5000) THEN
The Boolean function credit_ok is forever called. Though, if you switch the operands of AND as shown:
IF (loan < 5000) AND credit_ok(cust_id) THEN
The function is called only if the expression loan < 5000 is true (as AND returns TRUE only if both its operands are true). The similar idea applies to the EXIT-WHEN statements.
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Parameter SELF in pl/sql The MEMBER methods recognize a built-in parameter named SELF that is an instance of the object type. Whether declared explicitly or implicitly, it is
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EXIT The EXIT statement forces a loop to done unconditionally. Whenever an EXIT statement is encountered, the loop is done immediately and controls the passes to the next statem
Write a pl/sql block that declares and uses cursors with parameters. In a loop, use a cursor to retrieve the department number and the department name from the departments table
Object Type: The object type is a user-defined composite datatype which encapsulates a data structure along with the functions and procedures required to manipulate the data
Forward Declarations The PL/SQL needs that you declare an identifier before using it. And hence, you should declare a subprogram before calling it. For illustration, the decla
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EXIT Statement You can use the EXIT statement to exit a loop. The EXIT statement has 2 forms: the conditional EXIT WHEN and the unconditional EXIT. With the either form, you
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