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As heart failure sets in, there is activation of RAS (Fig 2.1). Adrenergic stimulation of beta-1 receptors in juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys results in release of renin. Another mechanism i.e. responsible for renin release is baroreceptor stimulation in renal vascular bed by reduction of renal blood flow.
Angiotensin II that is released is a powerful vasoconstrictor and stimulates the release of aldosterone. It also causes remodeling of cardiac myocytes. Aldosterone retains sodium and has direct effects on myocardium. The result is increased systemic vascular resistance and development of edema. Hence the interruption of this renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Inhibitors) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has salutary effects as there is reduction in systemic vascular resistance, afterload reduction, mild diuresis and improvement in the cardiac output.
Angiotensin II also has direct role in modifying the structure and function of myocardium.
Physical map is the map of locations of the identifiable landmarks on DNA (for example restriction of the enzyme cutting sites, genes), regardless of their inheritance. Distance i
Adverse effects of lamivudine Because lamivudine is also active against hepatitis B virus (HBV), HIV-positive patients with chronic HBV infection may experience a flare of hep
Explain Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and growth? Vitamin D diminishes proliferation of abnormal intestinal, lymphatic, mammary and skeletal cells and provides a pote
Human Impact on Carbon Cycle Human activities have greatly influenced the carbon cycle. The discharge of CO 2 , into the atmosphere is steadily increasing owing to burning of
Explain the Techniques of Operation used in post myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect? Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE
Excretion in Protozoans Excretion of metabolic wastes is dope almost exclusively by diffusion. All protozoans are ammonotelic i.e., the end product of their nitrogen metabolis
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how they reproduce?
Estimation of Depth of Burn Injury: A thermal injury is described as partial thickness or full thickness, depending on the depth and severity of tissue damage a) First D
Measurement of Light Intensity How do we measure the intensity of a source of light falling on a surface? You know that light spreads out uniformly in all directions from a sou
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