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RENAMES CLAUSE:
At times re-grouping of an elementary data items in a record may be essential so that they can belong to the original as well as to the latest group. This is only possible in COBOL by the use of the RENAMES clause. The illustration below describes the use of the RENAMES clause.
66 PAY-OTHER-THAN-BASIC RENAMES DEARNESS-ALLOWANCE THRU
MTHLY-INCENTIVE
66 IT-AND-PF-DEDUCTIONS RENAMES PF-DEDUCT THRU IT-DEDUCT
scope of marginal costing
OCCURS CLAUSE - PROGRAM: We have to write a program to demonstrate the occurs clause. Get names of the students and show them on the screen. identification division.
NONSTANDARD CLAUSES: The various clauses explained above are as per the ANSI standard. Also, most compilers provide for additional nonstandard clauses to meet the specific nec
INDEXED SEQUENTIAL FILES: In the indexed sequential files which are also known as indexed files, the records are stored in the sequence order generally in ascending order. In
Example of constructing an arithmetic expression: An arithmetic expression may be proceeded by a + or - sign. These operations are known as unary + or unary - operators. Il
There are some restrictions when these procedures are used. (i) The Procedure should not contain any SORT/MERGE statement. (ii) An explicit transfer of the control outside
Example of Perform statement: PERFORM BEGIN-CALCULATION THRU END-CALCULATION. Assume, BEGIN-CALCULATION and END-CALCULTION is paragraph names. The execution of the PERFORM
REDEFINES CLAUSE: At times it may be found that two or more storage regions defined in the DATA DIVISION are not in use concurrently. In such situations only one storage regio
REWRITE STATEMENT: The REWRITE statement has the format for a relative file as shown below, REWRITE record-name [ FORM identifier ]
Example of Accept statement: For illustration, ACCEPT FLAG-A can be specified to read the value of the FLAG_A from the console. It may be keep in mind that no file definition
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