Describe the relationship of different systems in diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus has direct relationship with endocrine system, especially with endocrine part of the pancreas. Insulin deficiency is the cause of this metabolic disease. So destruction or dysfunction of insulin secreting beta cells is root cause of diabetes mellitus. The disease of other endocrine glands may also cause diabetes mellitus.

The cardiovascular system, nervous system, kidneys and special sensory organ, eyes is directly affected by diabetes and leads to fatal conditions. Gastrointestinal system and genitourinary systems are also affected by diabetes. Dysfunction or damage of different systems is caused or aggravated by the inter relationship between different systems.Basics of Diabetes Mellitus

Heart may be affected in two ways. One of the complications of diabetes is autonomic dysfunction which may disturb rhythm of heart beat and may lead to dysarrhythmia or even cardiac arrest. The lumen of the arteries supplying heart may become narrow due to cholesterol deposition. This leads to insufficient blood supply to heart and may result in heart attack. In the same way, insufficient blood supply by the arteries of brain may lead to stroke.

Due to insufficient blood supply to the retina, retinopathy develops and leads to visual disturbance and even loss of vision. When both nerves and arteries of the lower limbs are affected ulcer may develop which may lead to amputation of limb.