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Cardinality shows the number of instances of an entity associated with another entity participating in a relationship. Depend on the cardinality binary relationship can be further dividing into the following categories:
Example: Relationship between university/college and principal
One college only have at the most one principal and one principal can be assigned to only one college.
Likewise we can define the relationship among Vice Chancellor and university.
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
NEED FOR A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A Database is a structured, persistent collection of data of an organisation. The database management system (DBMS) manages the database o
Sequential File Organisation The most necessary way to organise the collection of records in a file is to use sequential Organisation. Records of the file are stored in series
What is the need for triggers? Triggers are useful mechanisms for alerting humans or for starting particular tasks automatically when particular conditions are met.
List the drawbacks of relational database system A) Repetition of data B) Inability to s certain information.
Demonstrate the Design of associations During object design phase we must design a strategy to implement associations. Association may be unidirectional or bi-directional. Wha
find the name of supplier who supply some red part
What are the uses of functional dependencies? To test relations to see whether they are legal under a given set of functional dependencies. To state constraints on the set
each publisher has uniqe name a mial addrs are also kept on each pubisher.a publisher publish one book.a book publish y one publisher.book identified by isbn.each book writn by one
What is Explicit update In explicit update, each derived attribute is defined with respect to one, or more fundamental base object(s). The object designer determines that de
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