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Cardinality shows the number of instances of an entity associated with another entity participating in a relationship. Depend on the cardinality binary relationship can be further dividing into the following categories:
Example: Relationship between university/college and principal
One college only have at the most one principal and one principal can be assigned to only one college.
Likewise we can define the relationship among Vice Chancellor and university.
What is a view? How it is related to data independence? A view might be thought of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not really exist in its own right but is inste
Single-Valued Dependencies A database is a collection of related information and it is therefore inevitable that some items of information in the database would depend on some
What are ways of finding out either an update is required or not for derived attributes? The ways to find out an update is required or, not are as: Explicit update
Order by clause By using this rows can be sorted It is used in the last portion of select statement By default it gets ascending order DESC: is used
Problem: A DBMS built for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) is usually regarded as unsuitable for data warehousing. Each system is designed with a different set of requireme
how many types of data model in DBMS? explain data abstraction with its different level
Briefly describe concurrency execution? Lock - based protocols Locks There are several modes in which a data item may be locked in this section we restrict our attention
Process of implementing system design in dynamic models There are three essential approaches to implementing system design in dynamic models. These approaches are as below:
Domain Constraints Domain constraints are primarily formed for defining the logically correct values for an attribute of a relation. The relation allows attributes of a relatio
What is the disadvantage of a call by reference? During a call by reference damage or loss of data is not restricted to the subroutine, but will instantly lead to alters to th
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