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A database is a set of data. But, is the data kept in a database trustworthy? To answer that query we must first answer the question. What is integrity?
Integrity simply means to keep the consistency of data. Therefore, integrity constraints in a database make sure that changes made to the database by authorised users do not compromise data consistency. Therefore, integrity constraints do not permit damage to the database.
There are primarily two integrity constraints: the referential integrity constraint and the entity integrity constraint. In order to describe these two, let us first describe the term Key with respect to a Database Management System.
What are the objectives of query processing? Ans: The objectives of query processing is to transform a query written in a high level language into a accurate and efficien
For Colorado customers calculate the number of single products ordered. If a product is purchased on multiple orders, it should be counted only single time. The result should conta
Write short notes on relational model The relational model uses a collection of tables to show both data and the relationships between those data. The relational mo
Define rotational latency time. The time spent waiting for the sector to be accessed to appear under the head is known as the rotational latency time.
Recovery Techniques: After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previ
What is the meaning of Recovery? In deferred update methods, if a transaction fails before arriving its commit point, it will not have altered the database in any way, so UNDO
Objectives After reading this part, you should be able to: Modify, create, and delete database schema objects; Update database using SQL command; Retrieve data f
Fourth Normal Form (4NF) When attributes in a relation have multi-valued dependency, further Normalization to 4NF and 5NF are needed. Let us first find out what multi-valued d
Explanation on Data Sharing?
Give the forms of triggers? The triggering event can be insert or delete. For updated the trigger can state columns. The referencing old row as clause The referencing
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