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A database is a set of data. But, is the data kept in a database trustworthy? To answer that query we must first answer the question. What is integrity?
Integrity simply means to keep the consistency of data. Therefore, integrity constraints in a database make sure that changes made to the database by authorised users do not compromise data consistency. Therefore, integrity constraints do not permit damage to the database.
There are primarily two integrity constraints: the referential integrity constraint and the entity integrity constraint. In order to describe these two, let us first describe the term Key with respect to a Database Management System.
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INSERT INTO command : Values can be inserted for all columns or for the selected columns Values can be given by sub query. In place of values parameter substitution
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What is Outer join? They can be employed while we want to keep all the tuples in R, or all those in S or all those in both relations in the result of the JOIN in spite of of w
Inconsistent Analysis : The problem as given with transactions T1 and T2 where two transactions interleave to make incorrect result during an analysis by Audit is the instance of s
Primary index A primary index is a file that has a sorted series of records having two columns: a block address for that key field in the data file; and the ordering key field.
Nested Queries Let us see some more complex queries in this section. Sub-queries: Some of the basic concerns of sub-queries are: A sub-query is a SELECT statemen
Explain the term- signal-to-noise ratio A signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB means that S/N = 100. As log2101 is around 6.658, the Shannon limit is around 19.975 kbps. The Nyquist
Using Relational Algebra which query finds customers, who have a balance of over 1000 ? Using Relational Algebra Π Customer_name( σ balance >1000(Deposit)) is query to find cu
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