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A database is a set of data. But, is the data kept in a database trustworthy? To answer that query we must first answer the question. What is integrity?
Integrity simply means to keep the consistency of data. Therefore, integrity constraints in a database make sure that changes made to the database by authorised users do not compromise data consistency. Therefore, integrity constraints do not permit damage to the database.
There are primarily two integrity constraints: the referential integrity constraint and the entity integrity constraint. In order to describe these two, let us first describe the term Key with respect to a Database Management System.
Give the levels of data abstraction? There are three levels of Data Abstraction a) Physical level b) logical level c) view level
What is a shadow copy scheme? It is simple, but efficient, scheme known as the shadow copy schemes. It is based on making copies of the database called shadow copies that singl
Question 1 Explain the concept of Foreign Key. How a foreign key differs from a Primary Key? Can the Foreign Key accept nulls? Question 2 With a necessary example explain (i)
What do you mean by Correlated subquery? Subqueries, or nested queries, are used to bring back a set of rows to be used by the parent query. Depending on how the subquery is writ
Explain natural join? Natural Join - Similar as equi-join except in which the join attributes (having similar names) are not involved in the resulting relation. Only one sets
Explain the EXEC statement in SQL Ans: All statements which start with EXEC SQL are embedded SQL database statements. High level languages such as C can be employed to write a
Explain the term - Handling Boundary Condition These are some circumstances that to be handled in any system initialization and termination. Describes how system is bro
What was the method in which records are physically stored in a specified order according to a key field in each record ? A method in which records are physically stored within
Analyzing Association Traversal Till now, we have supposed that associations are bi-directional. But in the case of traversal, it is in only one direction in any application,
Suppose an instruction takes 1 nanosecond to execute (on average), a page fault takes 20 microseconds of processor time, and it takes 300 microseconds of disk time to read or write
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