relational algebra, PL-SQL Programming

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Define basic operators of relational algebra with an example each

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Bulk binds advantages, Bulk Binds advantages In the Embedded Oracle RDB...

Bulk Binds advantages In the Embedded Oracle RDBMS, the PL/SQL engines accept any valid PL/SQL subprogram or block. As the figure shows, the PL/SQL engine executes all procedur

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Sequential Control Dissimilar to the IF and LOOP statements, the GOTO and NULL statements are not important to the PL/SQL programming. The configuration of PL/SQL is such that th

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Ensuring Backward Compatibility   The PL/SQL Version 2 permits some abnormal behavior which Version 8 disallows. Particularly, Version 2 permits you to (i) Make the forw

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Using raise_application_error The Package DBMS_STANDARD that is supplied with Oracle gives language facilities that help your application to interact with Oracle. For illustra

Cartesian product, Using a Join on 2 tables, select all columns and all row...

Using a Join on 2 tables, select all columns and all rows from the tables without the use of a Cartesian product. Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1 JOIN CONTRACT ON EMPLOYEE

Delete statement - syntax, DELETE Statement The DELETE statement elimin...

DELETE Statement The DELETE statement eliminates whole rows of data from the specified table or view. Syntax:

Example of null operator - nino rule, Example of Null operator - NiNo Rule ...

Example of Null operator - NiNo Rule If we wanted to make HIGHER_OF adhere to "NULL in, NULL out"-let's call it the NiNo rule-we would have to write something like what is sho

Use native dynamic sql - improve performance of application, Use Native Dyn...

Use Native Dynamic SQL A few programs (a normal-purpose report writer for illustration) should build and process a variety of SQL statements at run time. Therefore, their full

Read-only operator (+) - sql, Read-Only Operator (+) - SQL The term r...

Read-Only Operator (+) - SQL The term read-only operator to the mathematical term function. Here I just need to add that the SQL standard reserves the term function for read-

Exit statement - syntax, EXIT Statement   You can use the EXIT stateme...

EXIT Statement   You can use the EXIT statement to exit a loop. The EXIT statement has 2 forms: the conditional EXIT WHEN and the unconditional EXIT. With the either form, you

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