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Relational Algebra is a set of basic operations used to influence the data in relational model. These operations allow the user to specify basic retrieval request. The result of retrieval is a new relation, produced from one or more relations. These operations can be divided in two categories:
• Basic Set Operations
1) UNION
2) SET DIFFERENCE
3) INTERSECTION
4) CARTESIAN PRODUCT
• Relational Operations
1) JOIN
2) PROJECT
3) SELECT
4) DIVISION
Give two profit of Reuse of Code. Reusing the implementation . Place existing class directly inside a new class. The new class can be made up of any number and type of the oth
Explain the components of Database System in details.
What is equi join? Equi Join - It generates all the combinations of tuples from two relations which satisfy a join condition along with only equality comparison (=).
Examples:- Hierarchical Model: It tells data as and relationships by hierarchy of data values. Figure illustrates an example of hierarchical model. Now a day's these models are
Speedup Query Processing: A query that includes data at various sites can be split into sub-queries. These sub- queries can be implemented in parallel by various sites. Such parall
BCNF Boyce-Codd Normal Form A relation schema R is in BCNF if it is in 3NF and accepts an additional constraint that for every FD X A, X has to be a candidate key. If a relati
State The position of object at any moment is called state. An object can have many states depend upon time. After receiving some input instructions, the object can change its
Part 1: Security Plan Consider the Case study and identify 3 security requirements. For each of these security requirements: • Discuss the necessity for the feature and how
Storage Of Database On Hard Disks At this point, it is worthwhile to note the difference among the terms file Organisation and the access method. A file organisation shows to t
List the requirements needed to design a trigger. The requirements are:- Specifying when a trigger is to be implemented. State the actions to be taken when the trigger im
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