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Relational Algebra is a set of basic operations used to influence the data in relational model. These operations allow the user to specify basic retrieval request. The result of retrieval is a new relation, produced from one or more relations. These operations can be divided in two categories:
• Basic Set Operations
1) UNION
2) SET DIFFERENCE
3) INTERSECTION
4) CARTESIAN PRODUCT
• Relational Operations
1) JOIN
2) PROJECT
3) SELECT
4) DIVISION
What is the difference among a database schema and a database state? The collection of information stored in database at particular moment in time is known as database state a
Attributes having a one value for a particular entity. For instance, Age is a single valued attribute of a student entity. Attributes that have more than single values
Explain Record Based Logical Models? Record-Based logical Models: Also define data at the conceptual and view levels. Unlike object-oriented models, are used to state overall
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
A relation has: Relational Schema Relation instance Relational Schema: A relational schema shows the relation's name, its attributes and the domain of every a
Provide Examples of different types of Time and Date formats. It's most common store dates using a dash (-) as a colon (:)and the delimiter as the time delimiter. The given fo
Differentiate between natural join and outer join? Natural join is a binary operator which is written as (R * S) where as R and S are relations. The output of the natural join
Create role named role_table that allows a user to create tables. Using role_table allow users kripa and reena to create tables. CREATE ROLE role_table; GRANT CREATE ANY TABLE
(a) Explain the three types of potential mistake which could occur if concurrency control is not properly enforced in the database system. Support your answer with appropriate ex
What is catalog in DBMS? Catalog - A relational DBMS maintains information about every table and index in which it contains. A catalog is a collection of special tables that st
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