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Relational Algebra is a set of basic operations used to influence the data in relational model. These operations allow the user to specify basic retrieval request. The result of retrieval is a new relation, produced from one or more relations. These operations can be divided in two categories:
• Basic Set Operations
1) UNION
2) SET DIFFERENCE
3) INTERSECTION
4) CARTESIAN PRODUCT
• Relational Operations
1) JOIN
2) PROJECT
3) SELECT
4) DIVISION
What are the key features of Oracle? Key features of Oracle are as follows: • Read Consistency • Concurrency • Locking Mechanisms • Quiesce Database • RAC • Portability
What is meant by heuristic optimisation? Discuss the main heuristics that are applied during query optimisation. Ans: In heuristic optimization, heuristics are employed to r
What is first normal form? The domain of attribute must contain only atomic (simple, indivisible) values.
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Explain the concept of QBE? Query-by-example represents a visual/graphical approach for accessing information in a database by the use of query templates called as skeleton tab
how many types of data model in DBMS? explain data abstraction with its different level
The definition of the classes and operation can often be adjusted to increase the amount of inheritance". Justify the above statement. Adjustment of Inheritance The def
Forward Recovery (Redo): In this system the committed changes made by a transaction are reapplied to a previous copy of the database. In simpler
Write the syntax of creating an INDEX ? Syntax of Creating an Index: CREATE [BITMAP] [UNIQUE] INDEX ON ( [, ] . . .);
What is storage manager? A storage manager is a program module that gives the interface between the Low level data kept in a database and the application programs
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