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Relational Algebra is a set of basic operations used to influence the data in relational model. These operations allow the user to specify basic retrieval request. The result of retrieval is a new relation, produced from one or more relations. These operations can be divided in two categories:
• Basic Set Operations
1) UNION
2) SET DIFFERENCE
3) INTERSECTION
4) CARTESIAN PRODUCT
• Relational Operations
1) JOIN
2) PROJECT
3) SELECT
4) DIVISION
Explain Domain calculus Domain calculus is one of the types of the relational calculus. The formal specification of the domain calculus was planned after the development of the
What is meant by Physical blocks? The input and output operations are completed in block units. The blocks residing on the disk are referred to as physical blocks.
Explain in details about Data Sharing
Lack of Redundancy We have talked about the problems of repetition of information in a database. Such repetition should be stay away as much as possible. Let us state once again t
Control as State within Program 1. The term control exactly means to check effect of input within a program. For illustration, in Figure, after the ATM card is inserted (a
Northwind Pty Ltd sells a variety of food products throughout the world. They want to use the reporting features of SAP''s Business Information Warehouse to better understand thei
Views in relational algebra: 1. Basic expression contains either a) A relation in the database. b) A constant relation. 2. General expressions are madde out of sma
What are the responsibility of File manager? File Manager : Manager allocation of space on disk storage and the data structures used to represent within stored on disk. It is a
what do you mean by consistency in rdbms?
What is system log? What are the entries? Ans: The system log that is generally written on stable storage contains the redundant data required to recover from volatile
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