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Relational Algebra is a set of basic operations used to influence the data in relational model. These operations allow the user to specify basic retrieval request. The result of retrieval is a new relation, produced from one or more relations. These operations can be divided in two categories:
• Basic Set Operations
1) UNION
2) SET DIFFERENCE
3) INTERSECTION
4) CARTESIAN PRODUCT
• Relational Operations
1) JOIN
2) PROJECT
3) SELECT
4) DIVISION
Functional Dependency Consider a relation R that has 2 attributes A and B. The attribute B of the relation is functionally dependent on the attribute A if and only if for every
What is DML (Data Manipulation Language)? This language that enable user to access or manipulate data as organised by appropriate data model. Procedural DML or Low level: DM
Report writing help on database mgmt Project Description: Use of Harvard referencing, critical analysis is required. Skills required: Academic Writing, Technical Writin
Fourth Normal Form (4NF) When attributes in a relation have multi-valued dependency, further Normalization to 4NF and 5NF are needed. Let us first find out what multi-valued d
What is the use of integrity constraints? Integrity constraints make sure that changes made to the database by authorized users do not result in a loss of data consistency. The
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Q. Describe how an ER schema can be represented by relation schemas and constraints arising from ER design can be mapped to constraints on a relation schema. The entity rela
Which operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a table? PROJECTION operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a table.
Explain the Concept of Two-phase Locking It concerns the positions of locking and unlocking operations in each transaction. In this protocol every transaction issue lock and u
What is banker's algorithm? Banker's algorithm is a deadlock avoidance algorithm that is applicable to a resource-allocation system with multiple instances of each resource ty
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