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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
When a program issues a memory load or store operation, the virtual addresses (VAs) used in those operations have to be translated into "real" physical memory addresses (PAs). This
Define FIFO Page Replacement Algorithm This policy simply eliminates pages in the order they arrived in the main memory. By using this policy we simply remove a page based upo
You have a system with two primary workloads. One performs sequential access to a set of large files, the other performs small, independent, random reads to a separate set of large
what is inter process communication..
Explain root partition The root partition,which have the operating-system kernel and potentially other system files, is mounted at boot time. In successful mount operation, ope
Broken data into small packets allow time division multiplexing. In TDM every packet leaves the sender and is switched on the shared interaction channel through a multiplexer. At t
swapping technique
In modern operating systems, applications do not directly access the physical memory. Instead, they use so-called virtual memory, where each virtual address is translated to a phys
1. What must a kernel provide for an effective user-level thread implementation? 2. With respect to the quantum q in a scheduling algorithm, explain and discuss the impact of the
Q. What kinds of networking does Windows XP support? How does Windows XP execute transport protocols? Describe two networking protocols. Answer: Support is offer for bo
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