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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
Explain working of the logical file system The logical file system manages metadata information. Metadata contains all of the file-system structure, excluding actual data. It h
Priority Scheduling leads to the risk of starvation: a process is ready, but never is given the processor. Some preemptive priority schedulers therefore reserve a fraction of the p
Give a brief introduction about the operation of your program and show that you understand the idea behind threads and mutual exclusion variable. Why do we need to use mutual exclu
Q. Define Input - Output operations? Serial lines, Disks, tapes and other devices should be communicated with at a very low level. The user require only specify the device and
Q. What are three benefits of dynamic (shared) linkage of libraries compared to static linkage? What are two situations where static linkage is preferable? Answer: The
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Virtual File System serves two important functions. 1. It divides file-system-generic operations from their execution by defining a clean VFS interface. 2. The VFS is based
Define buffering. A buffer is a memory area that keeps data whereas they are transferred among two devices or among a device and an application. Buffering is done for three rea
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Windows admin need it Project Description: We want to protect an executable on operating system level , so the process could be visible among all users while the executable r
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