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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
Major page fault: If the page is not loaded in memory at the time the fault is stated, then it is named major or hard page fault. The handler in the machine requires to search a
what are the overall concepts of deadlock
Explain the various page replacement strategies. Page replacement-basic scheme with diagram Optimal page replacement LRU page replacement FIFO page replacement LRU
Q. Distinguish among PCS and SCS scheduling. Answer: PCS scheduling is completed local to the process. It is how a thread library schedules threads onto available LWPs. SCS sch
what is file abstraction?
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Describe paging technique used in UNIX systems. When a process begin in UNIX, not every its memory pages are read in from the disk at once. In its place, the kernel loads into
Use and overview? Pure and impure interpreter?
Literature review
Q. Consider the following page-replacement algorithms. Rank the algorithms on a five-point scale from "bad" to "perfect" according to their page-fault rate. Detach those algorithm
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