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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
Q. What are the major advantages of the microkernel approach to system design? Answer: Benefits usually include the following (a) Adding a new service doesn't require modify
LOOK o Like SCAN except stops moving inwards (or outwards) when no more requests in that direction exist. C-SCAN (circular scan) o Moves inwards servicing requests u
Relocation bits employed by relocating loader are specified by Relocation bits employed by relocating loader are specified by Assembler or Translator
what is the meaning of co-operating process?
When programming with threads, there are three very common mistakes that programmers often make: 1. locking twice (depending on the system and type of lock, can cause crashes, h
Write a script that uses this idea to print output similar to the following: Files in this directory that match *~ : bash-scripts.html~ chimpanzee~ countdown~ countd
Describe the purpose of the checkpoint mechanism. How habitually must checkpoints be performed? Explain how the frequency of checkpoints affects: System performance while no
Define Virtual memory Virtual memory is employed in all major commercial operating systems
Explain the Request/Response Interface Many issues are involved in providing a procedural interface for client functions to interact with server components. First off, since
Introduction of linux
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