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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
Q. Why might a system utilize interrupt-driven I/O to manage a single serial port however polling I/O to manage a front-end processor such as a terminal concentrator? A
How can the deadlock be prevented-Safe State Safe state : A state is safe if the system is able to allocate resources to each process in some order and still avoid deadlock.
Question: a) What is an Input/Output module and what are the five categories their functions fall into? b) What is an Operating System? Briefly describe the two objectives
What are Tree-structured directories We can generalize the directory structure to a tree of arbitrary height. This permits the user to create their own sub directories and to c
Facilities of a Debug Monitor Facilities of a debug monitor are like this: Setting breakpoints in the program Initiating a debug conversation while control reaches
Write a short note on PCB? Every process is represented in the operating system by a process control block also called a task control block. It contains more information regard
what is process creation and how to create a process
Advantages and disadvantages of time-sharing operating system
Q. Is the Internet a LAN or else a WAN? Answer: The Internet is a WAN as the a variety of computers are located at geographically different places and are connected by long-dis
How is process management done in multiprocessing systems ? There are two accost for the process management in multiprocessor systems. Master-slave configuration Sy
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