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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
What are the hardware and software requirements for virtual memory? The hardware required for virtual memory is a secondary memory and page table. The page table should have th
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DUAL MODE OPERATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM>?
Determine what the “blocking factor” of a file is Blocking factor is the number of logical records in one physical record
What are Tree-structured directories We can generalize the directory structure to a tree of arbitrary height. This permits the user to create their own sub directories and to c
Now let us present an implementation of a producer-consumer system using condition variables. This implementation works. dequeue() lock(A) while (queue empty) { wait(A, C)
While it is hard to resolve a deadlock which has been detected, fortunately it is fairly easy to prevent deadlocks from ever happening. The key is that the conditions above for dea
FIFO is named as 'named pipes'. FIFO (first-in-first-out) is a special file which is laid to be data transient. Once data is load from named pipe, it cannot be load again. Also, da
Explain the various types of computer systems. Mainframe systems Large Number of CPU with Greatest Processing Power: Huge Memory Capacity: Increased Performance by s
What is graceful degradation? In multiprocessor systems, failure of single processor will not halt the system, but only slow it down by sharing the work of failure system by ot
What is page fault? In the computer storage technology a page fault is an exception which is raised by the memory management unit when a requested page isn't mapped in physical
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