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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
Q. Describes responsibilities of the I/O manager? Answer: The I/O manager is responsible for file systems and device drivers and network drivers. The I/O manager keeps follow
single pass assembler
How does a program execution take place in multiprogramming? While the processor is dealing with a number of programs, the sequence with which programs are implemented will de
What is a semaphore? A semaphore 'S' is a synchronization tool which is an integer value that, apart from initialization, is accessed only by two standard atomic operations; w
___paging fecthces a page only when needed
4. Describe priority scheduling algorithm. Consider the following set of processes. Show the order in which the algorithm will schedule these processes. Assume preemptive and non-p
What are the benefits of multithreaded programming? The advantages of multithreaded programming can be broken down into four main categories: Responsiveness Resourc
Facilities of a Debug Monitor Facilities of a debug monitor are like this: Setting breakpoints in the program Initiating a debug conversation while control reaches
Multiprocessing - An Operating System proficient of utilizing and supporting more than one computer processor. Below are some instances of multiprocessing Operating Systems. Li
Define the Jobs which are admitted to the system for processing is called The Jobs which are admitted to the system for processing is known as long-term scheduling.
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