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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
How does user specify block to be fetched in direct access? By specifying the relative block number, relative to first block in file, which is block 0.
What is a Dispatcher? The dispatcher is the module that gives control of the CPU to the process selected by the short- term scheduler. This function includes: Switching
What is a two state process model? At any time a process is being implementing by a processor or not. Therefore a process may be in Running or not running state. When an Ope
Now let's implement bounded producer-consumer with semaphores, a Coke machine which is initially empty: semaphore sem_mutex = 1 // binary semaphore for mutual exclusion, 1==unlo
what is a batch system give me answer in simple words so that i can understand
Determine a critical section is a program segment Critical section is where shared resources are accessed
Banker's Algorithm In this analogy Customers ≡ processes Units ≡ resources, say, tape drive Ba
what is internal fragmentation?
What is Multitasking? Multitasking provides power to users by offering them to run multiple applications at once. The applications are loaded into memory and appear to the user
Now we consider the following questions: how can the parent process communicate with its child? Or how can children processes communicate with other children? The exact answer depe
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