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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
Find the optimal solution and optimal value of the following linear program. Use both (a) the enumerating the corner points method and (b) the iso-profit line method. Also identify
What is the main function of the memory-management unit? The runtime mapping from virtual to physical addresses is done by a hardware device known as a memory management unit (
what is the need-to-know principle? why is it important for a protection system to adhere to this principle?
Q. Explain about Spooling? Acronym for simultaneous peripheral operations on line. Spooling denotes to putting jobs in a buffer, a special area in memory or on a disk where
Multithreading - Operating systems that permit different parts of a software program to run concurrently. Operating systems that would come into this category are: Linux UNI
When do we write a page from physical memory back to the disk? In general, caches have two broad types of writing policies. One approach is a write-through cache. In this case,
Q. It is occasionally said that tape is a sequential-access medium whereas magnetic disk is a random-access medium. In fact the correctness of a storage device for random access d
What lead to the concept of paging? The main memory is separated into two parts that are one for the resident operating system, and one for the user processes. We may perhaps p
Explain the steps in deadlock recovery. a) Exterminate off all processes involved - drastic. b) Exterminate off one at a time till deadlock gone - select a victim.
Question : (a) In the demand paging system, when a process tries to access a page that was not brought into memory, a page fault occurs that involves a series of actions. The
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