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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
What is preallocation? Why do it? Allocating space for a file before making the file to allow for expansion. This reserves space for a certain file so that other files can't gr
when demand is 24000 units/year, production rate is 48000 units/year, setup cost is rs 200 per setup, carring cost is rs 20 per units/year, and economic batch quantity is 692.8203
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Explain about demand paging? A demand paging system is same to a paging system with swapping. Processes reside on secondary memory. When we require executing a process, we chan
#include #include #include #include #include int main(void) { int pchan[2], pid, rval, cvar; char buf[20]; if (pipe(pchan) == -1){
Define the Global vs. local variables It is also important to discuss the scope of resources being granted to the application program. Variable scoping is defined as the acces
Prepare Gantt Charts and Determine the Average Waiting Time 1. Classify the interaction among the processes on the basis if degree to which they are aware of each other's exi
whta is an operating system ? what sorts services are provided by an operating system ?
Define the Client - Server Communications Environment Today's client - server communications environment offers programmers great flexibility for application design. Applicatio
Utility Programs: those programs which are not the essential part of operating system. But they provide different utilities / features to the users e.g. MS-DOS : Fdisk, FORMAT, AT
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