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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
Compare contiguous-memory allocation with pure paging in the following aspects: 1. In support of dynamic memory allocation: most systems allow programs to allocate more memory t
Explain Swapping Swapping is a method of temporarily removing inactive programs from the memory of computer system.
Direct memory access Many computers avoid burdening the main CPU with programmed I/O by offloading sine if this work to a special-purpose processor known as a direct memory add
Q. Palm OS provides no signifies of concurrent processing. Discuss three major complications that concurrent processing adds to an operating system. Answer: a. A meth
SEGMENTATION HARDWARE An execution to map two-dimensional user-defined addresses into one-dimensional physical addresses. This mapping is affected by means of segment table. Ev
UNIX systems utilized to use disk-layout optimizations based on the rotation position of disk data however modern implementations including Linux simply optimize for sequential dat
draw a state diagram showing the transissions of a process from creation to termination
Explain in detail about ipc in linux
Consider the subsequent resource-allocation policy. Requests as well as releases for resources are allowed at any time. If a request for resources can't be satisfied because the re
Briefly discuss on Bankers algorithm? The resource-allocation graph algorithm is not applicable to a resource-allocation system with multiple examples for each resource type.
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