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The idea of reference counting is to maintain, for every object, the total number of references to that object, i.e. the number of "incoming" pointers. Whenever the number of references is zero we know that the object is not accessible through any pointers, and thus it is garbage. Also, whenever we choose to delete some useless object,we have to recursively check that object to see if it contains pointers to other objects; if so, we have decrement the reference counters for those objects as well. One problem of reference counting, though, is how to deal with cycles. Suppose object A points to B, and B points to A. If these objects can only be reached through each other, we have to free them too, even though their counters are not zero! Note that cycles can common inmany data structures; for example, consider a doubly-linked list. The commonly adopted solution to this problem is to run mark-sweep now and then, in order to remove cyclic references, and then run normal reference counting on the rest of the time.
Q. Why is it important to scale up system bus and device speeds as the CPU speed increases? Answer: Consider a system which carries out 50% I/O and 50% computes. Doubling-up
Concept of Reentrancy It is a useful, memory-saving method for multiprogrammed timesharing machines. A Reentrant method is one in which multiple clients can share a singl
Q. More than one disk drive is able to be attached to a SCSI bus. Especially a fast wide SCSI-II bus can be connected to at most 15 disk drives. Remember that this bus has a bandw
explain dynamic patrician stratagies
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Sir i want formulas in Memory management starting from paging till the demang paging in a easy manner for solving problems in competitive exams
What is preallocation? Why do it? Allocating space for a file before making the file to allow for expansion. This reserves space for a certain file so that other files can't gr
what is difference between file descriptor and file pointer?
What is a general graph? A tree structure where links can go from one branch to a node earlier in the similar branch or other branch, allowing cycles.
The term ‘page traffic’ explains Page traffic’ explains the movement of pages in and out of memory.
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