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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
What is an Index? An index is a small table having only two columns. The first column has a copy of the primary or candidate key of a table and the second column having a set o
Give an example of enforcement in Typing. You can understand the idea of enforcement as it makes sure objects of dissimilar classes may not be interchanged as below: Exampl
why are older data models are being replaced by new data models
as a customer service employee, explain five measures you would recommend a displeased student to patronise a school canteen
For each m:n relationship type R, we make a new table (say S) to represent R. We also contain the primary key attributes of both the participating entity types as a foreign key att
Entities Let us first be aware of the question: What are entities? An entity is an object of concern used to show the things in the actual world, e.g., table, car, bo
An employee record has the following structure struct employee { int eno; char name[22]; float salary; char dept[10];}; (i) Calculate the record size R in bytes.
Discuss the problem of Spurious tuples and how we may prevent it. Ans: A spurious tuple is, mainly, a record in a database that gets created while two tables are joined bad
Differentiate between strict two-phase and rigorous two-phase with conversion protocol Ans: Strict two-phase locking holds all its exclusive that is write locks until commit t
Which operator is Cartesian product in relational algebra? Cartesian product in relational algebra is a binary operator. (It requires two operands. e.g., P X Q)
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