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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Need For Distributed Database Systems A distributed database is a set of database kept on multiple computers that appears to applications as a one database. As a result, an app
What is the main difference between read-only and update methods? A read-only method does not affect the values of a variable in an object, whereas an update method may alter t
What is Relational calculus? Relational calculus is a Non- Procedural language.
write a database program for concurrency transaction in a bank
Example : Create a sequence named SEQSS that starts at 105, has a step of 1 and can take maximum value as 2000. CREATE SEQUENCE SEQSS START WITH 105 INCREMENT BY 1 MAX VA
Define Hash files organization a. Hashing includes computing the address of a data item by calculating a function on the search key value. b. A hash function h is a functi
Demonstrate the Design of associations During object design phase we must design a strategy to implement associations. Association may be unidirectional or bi-directional. Wha
Q.1 Briefly discuss the different layers of ANSI SPARC architecture. Ans: The three layers of ANSI SPARC architecture are like this: 1. Internal view is at the lowest leve
Instructions: Follow the instructions below for completing this project: 1. Creating the Database: · Use the physical table descriptions given below to define and create each t
What is Outer join? They can be employed while we want to keep all the tuples in R, or all those in S or all those in both relations in the result of the JOIN in spite of of w
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