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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Set Difference If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations or relations then result of R3 =R1- R2 is the relation that have only those tuples that are in R1 but not in R2.
What are wait-for-graphs?Give the algorithm to construct a wait-for-graph from a given schedule of transactions? How can deadlocks be detected from wait-for-graphs? Ans: The
Emergence of Client Server Architecture Some of the pioneering work that was completed by some of the relational database vendors permitted the computing to be distributed on m
The Proliferation of Object-Oriented Methods The first few years of the 1990s saw blossoming of around fifty various object oriented methods. This proliferation is a sign of g
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what is Mapping Constraints? with examples
What is known as sequential file organization? In the sequential file organization, the records are kept in sequential order, according to the value of a "search key" of every
Objectives Define the terms RECOVERY and INTEGRITY; Define Recovery Techniques; Explain Error and Error detection techniques, and Define types of Authorisation.
What is a Data Flow Diagram? Data Flow Diagram: A data flow diagram is the graph that shows flow of data values from their sources in objects in the course of processes whic
What are the benefits of OOA technology? Using OOA technology can produce many benefits, such as: i) Reusability of code ii) Productivity is gained through direct mappi
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