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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Define tuple variable? Tuple variables are used for comparing two tuples in the same relation. The tuple variables are explained in the from clause by way of the as clause.
Explain ODBC? ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity (ODBC) enable the integration of SQL along with a general-reasons programming language.
What is indexed sequential file organization? What are the applications of this organization? Ans: An index file can be employed to effectively overcome the problem of storing
What are the DBMS languages? Explain. Ans: a) Data Definition Languages (DDL): It is employed to specify database schema for example CREATE DROP statements etc. b) Dat
growing phase and shrinking phase are disjoint, why ?
Describe Object Relational model ? Object Relational Model - This model combines the characteristics of both relational model and object oriented model. It extends the tradit
Isolation or Independence : The isolation property shows that the updates of a transaction should not be visible till they are committed. Isolation assurance that the progresses of
The dataset " CFOLYMPICS.XLS " contains the observations used in the above article. The definitions of the variables are also included in this spreadsheet. However, for the purpo
Benefits of heap files 1. This is a easy file Organisation method. 2. Insertion is somehow capable. 3. Good for bulk-loading data into a table. 4. Best if file
What is foreign key? Foreign Key - Let there are two relations in tables R and S. Any candidate key of the relation R that is referred in the relation S is known as the forei
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