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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Example -Find the employee name, salary, department number and average salary of his/her department, for those employees whose salary is more than the average salary of that depart
What is meant by computing the closure of a set of functional dependency? The closure of F denoted by F + is the set of functional dependencies logically implied by F.
Describe the benefits of OOD techniques OOD techniques are very useful for development of large and complex systems. It has been noted that large projects that are developed u
What is a SELECT operation? The select operation selects tuples that please a given predicate. We use the lowercase letter σ to denote selection.
What is meant by data-transfer rate? The data-transfer rate is the rate at which data can be retrieved from or kept to the disk.
Dirty Reads: T10 reads a value which is updated by T9. This update has not been committed and T9 aborts. T9 T10 Value of x old value = 200
Define identify relationship? Identifying relationship: An identifying relationship means in which the child table cannot be uniquely recognize without the parent. For exampl
how many types of data model in DBMS? explain data abstraction with its different level
The natural join is equal to which product? The natural join is equal to Combination of projection and Cartesian product
Explain pipelining. Ans: In order to describe pipelining in simple terms, think of it as breaking down processor functions into smaller and smaller parts. For instance,
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