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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
What is meant by the degree of relationship set? The degree of relationship type is the number of participating entity types.
.#question. Discuss the problem which may arise during concurrency control and recovery in distributed database which are not encountered in controlized database environment.
Question 1 List and explain various Normal Forms. How BCNF differs from the Third Normal Form and 4th Normal forms? Question 2 Describe the concepts of Structural Semantic Da
Consider the relations City (city_name, state) Hotel (name, address) City_hotel (hotel_name, city_name, owner) Answer the following queries in relational algebra (i) Find
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a database system. Sol. Advantages of Database System (DBMS) : (1) Data Redundancy and Inconsistency: Since differen
How many levels can be viewed in Architecture of the database ? Architecture of the database can be viewed as three levels.
Define what Immediate database modification technique uses? Ans: Both undo and redo.
Object-based Models: Use objects as key data representation components . Examples:- Entity-Relationship Model: It is a collection of real world objects known as entitie
Unrepeatable reads : Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. B
Consider the relation schemas as follows. works (person name, company name, salary); lives (person name, street, city); located in(company name, city); managers (person name
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