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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Describe the static hash file with buckets and chaining and show how insertion, deletion and modification of a record can be performed. In static hash file organization, the wo
explain normalization,and give the examples 1NF,2NF,3NF,BCNF.AND FUNCTIONAL DEPANDENACY AND DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUES.
(a) Explain briefly the three parts of a relational Model. (b) Contrast the following terms with an appropriate example: (i) stored attribute v/s derived attribute (ii) en
Differentiate between static hashing and dynamic hashing. Ans: Static Hashing comprises the number of primary pages in the directory fixed. So, while a bucket is full, we requ
Question : (a) Explain with the help of appropriate examples the difference between ‘Data' and ‘Information'. (b) A digital image is an array of pixels, where each pixel h
a. Define the term "deadlock". There are four conditions that must hold before deadlock is possible. Name them. b. Outline an algorithm that detects whether there is a deadlock.
State as Location within a Program In this traditional approach, location of control inside a program totally defines the program state. Any finite state machine may be implem
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Differentiate between Primary and secondary storage? Primary and secondary storage - Primary storage device stores the data temporarily. Primary storage is commonly used thro
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
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