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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Set Difference If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations or relations then result of R3 =R1- R2 is the relation that have only those tuples that are in R1 but not in R2.
Define query optimization. Query optimization refers to the process of search the lowest -cost method of evaluating a given query.
Natural Join : It is the similar like Equi join except one of the duplicate columns is removed in the result table. The natural join is the most usually used form of join operation
Write a short note on built in function in QBE? Built in function in QBE: QBE involves various built in functions like AVG, MAX,MIN,SUM and CNT. We must prefix these operator
The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or more tables. True the data of a view is not physically stored
Describe the algorithm for updating indices for a single level index when a record is (i) Inserted (ii) deleted What will be the modification if there are multilevel in
construct an er diagram for a hospital with a set of patients and a set of medical doctors. associate with each patient a log of various test and examination conducted.convert er d
Describe the algorithm to draw the dependency graph? Ans: Algorithm to draw Precedence Graph is like this: a. For every transaction T i participating in schedule S, make
WHAT IS MEANT BY E-R MODEL
Determine the minimal set of functional dependencies for the following data. This table is part of the OHSU database of extracurricular activities and tracks the DMICE band's co
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