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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
INTRODUCTION Databases and database systems have become an essential part of our daily life. We encounter many activities that involve some interaction with a database almost
external and internal mapping with examples
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Explain Clustering file organization (i) Determine if a record of file is physically ordered on a nonkey field - that does not comprise a different value for each record - that
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Regional Gardens has many nurseries, including Wagga Wagga, Bathurst, Albury, Orange, and Dubbo. Each nursery is known by its campus code, eg WW, B, A, O and D respectively. Additi
What are attributes? Give examples. An entity is shown by a set of attributes. Attributes are descriptive properties possessed by every member of an entity set. Example: pos
Design an algorithm to implement operations Each and every operation specified in the functional model could be formulated as an algorithm. The algorithm indicates how operat
Explain the Recoverable Schedule A recoverable schedule is one in which for each pair of transactions Ti and Tj such that Tj reads a data item formerly written by Ti, the comm
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