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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Improved performance: As the data is located near the site of its demand, and given the inherent parallelism because of multiple copies, speed of database access may be good for di
What are the Constituents of File? Also elaborates all the possible file operations? A file is organised logically as sequence of record. These records are mapped onto disk blo
What are the DBMS languages? Explain. Ans: a) Data Definition Languages (DDL): It is employed to specify database schema for example CREATE DROP statements etc. b) Dat
Explain Hashing techniques The hashing techniques can be categorized as: Static Hashing Techniques - In this method, the data can be viewed a collection of buckets, along with
With the help of an example display how records can be deleted and updated in QBE. (i) Increase Pay_Rate of employees along with the skill of ‘cook' by 10%. (ii) Delete employee
Association as a cache This association must be updated when any new element is added to it, but testing for overlap using association is more efficient. Figure:
Strict 2PL :Though, this basic 2PL suffers from the trouble that it can result into loss of isolation / atomic property of transaction as theoretically speaking once a lock is rele
What is the difference among a primary index and a secondary index? Primary Index: A primary index is an ordered file whose records are of fixed length along with two fields.
When a function module is activated syntax checking is performed automatically. YEs, a function module is activated syntax checking.
Unrepeatable reads : Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. B
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