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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
In an organisation various projects are undertaken. Each projects can employ one or more employees. Every employee can work on one or more projects. Each project is undertaken on
Define What are the desirable properties of a decomposition Ans: What are the desirable properties of decomposition - dependency preserving. Because Lossless join and dependen
Discuss the count function? The COUNT function used returns the number of tuples or values fixed in a query. The count function comprises two types of syntax: (1) COUNT (*)
An ideal data dictionary should have everything a DBA wants to know about the database. 1 Conceptual, External, and internal database descriptions. 2. Descriptions of attr
Deadlock Prevention One of the easiest approaches for avoiding a deadlock would be to obtain all the locks at the begin of the transaction. Though, this approach restricts conc
Define Thomas write rule Thomas' write rule: The Thomas' write rule is a modification of timestamp-ordering protocol for concurrency control. Assume that transaction T i issue
What is a database graph? The partial ordering implies that the set D may now be viewed as a directed acyclic graph, known as a database graph.
Lossless-Join Decomposition Let us show an intuitive decomposition of a relation. We require a better basis for deciding decompositions since intuition may not always be r
A domain is a set of permissible values that can be given to an attribute. So each attribute in a table has a definite domain. Values to these attributes cannot be assigned outside
Reflects organisational structure: Many organizations are distributed over various locations. If an organisation has many offices in dissimilar cities, databases used in such an ap
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