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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Explain the Role of a database administrator a. Defining the Schema The DBA describes the schema which consists of the structure of the data in the application. The DBA
Derived horizontal fragmentation: Some applications may include a join of two or more relations. If the relations are stored at dissimilar locations, there may be a major overhead
Examples:- Hierarchical Model: It tells data as and relationships by hierarchy of data values. Figure illustrates an example of hierarchical model. Now a day's these models are
Define Two phase commit Two phase commit: To make sure atomicity, all the sites where a transaction is being executed must agree on the final outcome of the execution. The tran
Every School has many teachers and many students. Each student is assigned to one school and each teacher works for one school only. Each teacher teaches more than one subject but
What is Trigger? Trigger: A database trigger is procedural code which is automatically executed in response to specific events on a particular table in a database. Triggers can
Explain the concept of generalization and aggregation in E_R diagrams. Give one example for each one of them? Generalization: Consider extending the entity set account throug
Define the terms i) Key attribute ii) Value set Key attribute: An entity type usually has an attribute whose values are exact from each individual entity in the collection. Su
Consider a database application that deals with an Employee relation with information such as SIN, name, data of birth (DOB), and DID (the ID of the department at which the employe
What benefits can a company gain by managing its own information infrastructure and servicea
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