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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
What is substitutability? Any method of a class-say A can equally well be adjured with any object belonging to any subclasses B of A. This characteristic leads to code reuse, a
System R was developed and designed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Company. Its purpose was to illustrate that it is possible to create a Relational System tha
Domain Constraint It shows that each attribute in a relation has to contain an atomic value only from the corresponding domains. The data types associated with commercial RDBMS
Discuss the differences among the candidate keys and the primary key of a relation. Give instance to describe your answer? A candidate key is one that can be used as primary ke
What is DataWarehousing? Subject-oriented, meaning that the data in the database is organized so that all the data elements relating to the similar real-world event or object
Performance of Various Concurrency Control Mechanisms
Views A view is like a window by which data from tables can be changed or viewed. The table on which a view is based is known as Base table. The view is stored as a SELECT stat
Show a centralised schema to support the operation of the system you have chosen, including in particular: the product catalogue; the outlets and respective stocks; customer record
What is serializability? Explain its types? The data base system must control concurrent implementation of transactions, to ensure that the data base state remains consistent.
Before defines the second type of integrity constraint, viz., Entity Integrity, we should be well-known with the concept of NULL. Mostly, NULL is intended as a basis for dealing
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