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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Normalize the given relation to 3NF, justifying each step
in case of functional dependencies how we get the higher normal form.
What is the difference among a primary index and a secondary index? Primary Index: A primary index is an ordered file whose records are of fixed length along with two fields.
Explain the Log Based Recovery Method? The system log that is generally written on stable storage consists of the redundant data required to recover from volatile storage failu
To eliminate duplicate rows (distinct operator) Example: SELECT DISTINCT DEPTNO FROM EMP;
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Give a sample of the Dynamic Model. The sample of dynamic model is given below: Dynamic model for the car: Brake and Accelerator Brake or Applies Accelerator
What is the use of group by clause? Group by clause is used to be relevant aggregate functions to a set of tuples. The attributes given in the group by clause are used to shape
Explain the Difference between DROP and DELETE DELETE deletes one or more than one tuples of a particular relation from the database. DROP is employed to remove a table from th
For every n-ary relationship type R where n>2, we make a new table S to represent R. We contain as foreign key attributes in s the primary keys of the relations that show the parti
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