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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
What is conceptual model ? A conceptual model is a independent of both hardware and software.
Relations create the database. They must satisfy various properties, like no duplicate tuples, no ordering of tuples, and atomic attributes, etc. Relations that satisfy these basic
explain participation constraints with examples
why older data models are being replaced by new data models.
Create an index for the table Client, field CLIENT_NO of Q ? Command: CREATE INDEX client_client_no ON client(client_no);
What is a security? Securities are claims on financial assets. They can be illustrated as "claim checks" which give their owners the right to receive funds in the future. Sec
Outer Join: The use of Outer Join is that it still joins those tuples that do not have matching values in common columns are also contained in the result table. Outer join places
Define the five basic operators of relational algebra? Five basic operators of relational algebra are: 1. Union (∪∪∪∪) - Selects tuples which are in either P or Q or in both
Q. Explain data aggregatio n and discuss different design constraints. Sol. Aggregation One limitation of the E-R model is that it cannot express relationships amon
Eliminate Redundant Data In the "Database Relation" above, the primary key is made up of the D-ID and the Emp-ID. The database-name relies only on the D-ID. The similar databas
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