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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
The Database MySQL scripts cars_for_sale.sql and car_details.sql containing the data to use for this task have been supplied. To complete this task, you need to first create
The primary key is selected from the
Modular growth: In distributed environments, it is simple to expand. Latest sites can be added to the network without affecting the operations of other sites, as they are somewhat
What is recursive closure? Why is it not possible to describe this operation in relational algebra? Recursive closure is applied to recursive relationship. An instance of rec
What is meant by heuristic optimisation?Discuss the major heuristics that are applied during query optimisation.
Determine the OBJECTIVES of object design After passing through this unit, you should be able to: describe and apply concept of generalisation; understand and appl
Explain Superkey Ans: A superkey is described in the relational model of database organization like a set of attributes of a relation variable for which it holds that in all re
What is object identity? An object retains its identity even if some or all the values of variables or explanations of methods change overtime.
What type of view of total database content? Data base content Conceptual view of total database contain.
Views in relational algebra: 1. Basic expression contains either a) A relation in the database. b) A constant relation. 2. General expressions are madde out of sma
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