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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
What are the two distinct aspects to the implementation of associations? i) It is required to define data declarations which will enable details of actual links to be stored. I
What are the three data anomalies that are likely to occur as a result of data redundancy? Can data redundancy be completely eliminated in database approach? Why or why not? A
#question.what is mapping constraints and types?.
Explain Candidate key? Candidate Key - A candidate key is a minimal superkey, that can be used to uniquely identify a tuple in the relation.
Use inheritance as an implementation technique when you are going to use inheritance as an implementation technique, you can achieve same goal in a safer way by making one cla
Increased overheads on update : On the drawbacks side, it will need the system to ensure that all replicas of a relation are consistent. This shows that all the replicas of the rel
What is a data dictionary? A data dictionary is a data structure which keeps Meta data about the structure of the database i.e. the schema of the database.
what is meant semantic query optimization? how does it differ from other query optimization techniques?
Define Atom of domain relational calculus An atom has the outline 1 , x 2 , ... , x n > -> r , in which r stands for a relation on n attributes and x 1 , x 2 , ... , x n ar
Consider a typical sales invoice that would include the following information. Design a single table to hold all of the information required to store an invoice including this info
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