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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
If one requires to access data using Logical Database , the use of events is unavoidable. Yes, if someone wants to access data using Logical database then the use of events
A super key is an attribute or set of attributes used to recognize the records uniquely in a relation. For instance, in the Relation PERSON defines earlier PERSON_ID is a super
how to find entities
What is Multivalued Attribute? Multivalued Attribute - Multivalued attribute might have more than one value for an entity. For instance, PreviousDegrees of a STUDENT.
Question: Consider the following database relations for a textbook ordering system used by a college bookshop: Book (b-copy#, bname, ISBN#, author, price, subject) Order (s#
What is a transaction ? The Transaction is a unit of data processing. For instance, many of the transactions at a bank may be withdrawal or deposit of money; transfer of money f
What is data independence? Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data
How external/conceptual mapping and conceptual /internal mapping is performed
Express the following queries in SQL: (a) Write the SQL code that will create ALL the four tables given in the appendix. Your answer should not contain the primary key and
What is a view? How it is related to data independence? A view might be thought of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not really exist in its own right but is inste
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