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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
What are the uses of functional dependencies? To test relations to see whether they are legal under a given set of functional dependencies. To state constraints on the set
Example: RELATIONAL SCHEMA for PERSON: PERSON (PERSON_ID: integer, NAME: string, AGE: integer, ADDRESS: String) RELATION INSTANCE In this instance, m = 3 and n = 4
Types Of Indexes One of the words used during the file organisation is the term index. In this part, let us describe this term in more detail. We find the index of keywords
Where does view definition stored? A view definition is permanently stored as part of the database.
What is the use of Union and intersection operation? Union: The result of this operation contains all tuples that are either in r1 or in r2 or in both r1 and r2.Duplicate tuple
Explain the Concept of Two-phase Locking It concerns the positions of locking and unlocking operations in each transaction. In this protocol every transaction issue lock and u
Which are the two ways in which entities can participate in a relationship? Total and partial are the two ways in which entities can participate in a relationship
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Write a short note on built in function in QBE? Built in function in QBE: QBE involves various built in functions like AVG, MAX,MIN,SUM and CNT. We must prefix these operator
The functions of DBA ?
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