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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Create centralized relational database using Top down method- Construction of Logical Model: Translation EERD into Relational Schema: Use the 8 steps algorithm of converting EERD
Explain Composite attribute in SQL ? Composite attribute: A composite attribute has many components, each of that is atomic or composite.
Explain Stand Alone Query Language in details? Stand alone Query Language - The query language that can be used interactively is known as stand alone query language. It does no
A distributed transaction consists of subtransactions that execute at different sites and access local DBMSs at those sites. For example, a distributed transaction that transfers m
Define two-phase locking protocol. Ans: Two-phase locking is significance in the context of ensuring that schedules are serializable. The two-phase locking protocol defines a p
What is data independence? Data Independence: Techniques which permit data to be changed without affecting the applications in which procedure it. There are two types of data
What are the Constituents of File? Also elaborates all the possible file operations? A file is organised logically as sequence of record. These records are mapped onto disk blo
Example- Search the salary of employees who are not 'ANALYST' but get a salary below than or equal to any people employed as 'ANALYST'. SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROMEMP
What is an index? An index is a structure that helps to place desired records of a relation quickly, without probing all records.
What is the difference between SQL Server 2000 clustered and nonclustered indexes? With a clustered index, the data are kept in the bottom level of the index and in the similar
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