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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Question (a) Concurrent access to data from a database is a normal part of application program usage. Describe three approaches to concurrency control (b) Distinguish among
What is vertical fragmentation? Vertical fragmentation divides the relation by decomposing the scheme R of relation r.
Explain the cartesian product in Database Management System
The Third Normal Form (3NF) Even though, transforming a relation that is not in 2NF into a number of relations that are in 2NF take out many of the anomalies, it does not neces
Do you have experts of the dbms
what is lossless & dependency preserving decomposition ?
Database Errors: An error is said to have occurred if the implementation of a command to manipulate the database cannot be successfully finished either due to inconsistent data or
Explain pipelining. Ans: In order to describe pipelining in simple terms, think of it as breaking down processor functions into smaller and smaller parts. For instance,
An employee record has the following structure struct employee { int eno; char name[22]; float salary; char dept[10];}; (i) Calculate the record size R in bytes.
random file orgnization
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