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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Explain concept of inheritance with support of suitable example. Inheritance Inheritance is one of milestone of object-oriented programming language as it allows a creati
2NF Normal Form : A relation schema process R is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and each non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally related on primary key. Second normal form (2N
What is the use of integrity constraints? Integrity constraints make sure that changes made to the database by authorized users do not result in a loss of data consistency. The
Implementation and SQL Applications
INTRODUCTION Databases and database systems have become an essential part of our daily life. We encounter many activities that involve some interaction with a database almost
Define upgrade and downgrade? It gives a mechanism for conversion from shared lock to exclusive lock is called as upgrade. It gives a mechanism for conversion from exclusive
UNION If R1 and R2 are two union compatible relations then R3 = R1 ∪ R2 is the relation having tuples that are either in R1 or in R2 or in both. In case, R3 will have tuples
what is the relationship between receipt and owner entities in computer sales and service company
Submission Requirements All answers must be computer generated (including text and diagrams). The hand-in version must include a header page (or with sufficient space)
It defines that the tuple in one relation that refers to another relation must refer to an existing tuple in that relation. This constraint is states on two relations (not essentia
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