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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
The Proliferation of Object-Oriented Methods The first few years of the 1990s saw blossoming of around fifty various object oriented methods. This proliferation is a sign of g
Define Sequence A sequence is a set of integers 1, 2, 3 that are generated in order on demand. Sequences are regularly used in databases because lots of applications require ev
Given the following set of functional dependencies {cf→ bg, g → d, cdg → f, b → de, d → c} defined on R(b,c,d,e,f,g) a. Is cf→ e implied by the FDs? b. Is dg a superkey?
Parallelism of transaction execution: A transaction can be divided into various sub-queries that can operate on fragments in parallel. This enhances the degree of concurrency in t
what should be included in this???
external and internal mapping with examples
Have a look around the site, and at some of the sites they have featured. These are all examples of bad design, and also offer an explanation about why they fall into this category
Hashed File Organisation Hashing is the most common form of purely random access to a database or file. It is also used to access columns that do not have an index as an optimi
Complexity : A distributed DBMS that is available, reliable, and secure is inherently more difficult than a centralised DBMS. Though, adequate data replication is essential to have
What does data dictionary is a special file contains ? The data dictionary is a special file contain The name of all fields in all files.The width of all fields in all files an
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