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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
management information system based on functional organisation
What is NULL? Give an example to described testing for NULL in SQL? The NULL SQL keyword is used to represent either a missing value or a value which is not applicable in a re
Differance between DDL and SDL? DDL and SDL - The data definition language (DDL) is used through DBA and database designers to describe internal schema, conceptual schema, and
Define two-phase locking protocol. Ans: Two-phase locking is significance in the context of ensuring that schedules are serializable. The two-phase locking protocol defines a p
Create a new user : CREATE USER IDENTIFIED BY Example: //CREATE USER MCA12 IDENTIFIED BY W123 Grant: It is used to give database access permission to users. It is of
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
Explain ODBC? ODBC - Open DataBase Connectivity (ODBC) enable the integration of SQL along with a general-reasons programming language.
How can one distinguish among different kinds of parameters? Input parameters are used to pass data to subroutines. Output parameters are used to pass data from subrout
.#question. Discuss the problem which may arise during concurrency control and recovery in distributed database which are not encountered in controlized database environment.
Explain the integrity constraints: Not Null, Unique, Primary Key with an example each. Is the combination 'Not Null, Primary Key' a valid combination. Justify. Not Null - Shou
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