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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Define Database layer? The database layer defines the data formats used in the database.
3 assignments combined in 1
What are axioms? Axioms or rules of inference give a simpler technique for reasoning about
What is multiplicity in the associations? Give an example to explain multiplicity? Multiplicity in association indicate number of objects participate in any relationship. For
What do you mean by persistence? How you will make your data persistent? Persistent data is the data, which has a longer lifetime than program which has created it. Enabling th
Draw the precedence graph of the following schedule and determine whether the schedule is serializable. (Note that all instructions, except lock and unlock, are omitted. We assume
What is foreign key? A relation schema r1 derived from an ER schema may contain among its attributes the primary key of another relation schema r2.this attribute is known as a
differences between a classified catalog and a dictionary catalog
(a) Why did SAP introduce the extended star schema?
Vertical Fragmentation- Vertical fragmentation groups together only those attributes in a relation that are used jointly by various important transactions. A vertical fragment is d
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