query optimization, PL-SQL Programming

Assignment Help:
1.( /5 marks) Suppose that a B+-tree index with the search key (dept_name, building) is available on
relation department. What would be the best way to handle the following selection?
?(building = “Watson”) ? (budget < 55000) ? (dept_name = “Music”)(department)
a. 2 marks for clearly showing an equivalent relation algebra expression using the
appropriate, well identified rule supplied in the textbook (e.g., the derivation with rule #
applied).
b. 1.5 marks for clearly explaining how the B+ tree index would be used to evaluate the
conditions involving attributes that are specified as part of the index
c. 1.5 marks for clearly explaining how the remaining conditions that involve attributes that
are not specified as part of the index would be evaluated
2. ( /5 marks) Show how to derive the following relational algebra equivalences by a sequence of
transformations using the relational algebra equivalence rules in Section 13.2.1. Hint: make sure
you clearly define all rules you use; as well identify which rule is being applied and apply only one
rule for each line in your solution – show your work.
a. ??1??2??3 (E) = ??1 (??2 (??3 (E))) (2 marks)
b. ??1??2 (E1 ??3 E2) = ??1 (E1 ??3 (??2 (E2))), where ?2 involves only attributes from E2 (3
marks)
3. ( /5 marks) Consider the two expressions ?? (E1 E2) and ?? (E1 ? E2).
a. Show using a concrete example that the two expressions are not equivalent in general
(3 marks). Hint: first identify what the difference is between natural join and left outer join
(what is extra in the left outer join), and then make sure you give the concrete relation instances
for E1 and E2 that result in a different expression result.
b. Give a simple condition on the predicate ?, which if satisfied will ensure that the two
expressions are equivalent. Hint: Think about what extra tuples you would have in the left

1
Some of the problems are adapted from “Database System Concepts”, 6th Edition, 2011, Avis Silberschatz, Henry
F. Korth, S. Sudarshan.
outer join, how they joined tuple is constructed, and a condition that will exclude these extra
tuples.
4. ( /5 marks) Explain how to use a histogram to estimate the size of a selection of the form ?A=v(r).
Hint: Divide the distribution into n buckets {rj | j ? [1,n]} and consider the two cases: Part 1) the
selection value v is greater than or equal to the largest value of a given bucket ri (2 marks) and Part 2) the
selection value v is “part way” between the max and min values of bucket ri+1. (3 marks).
5. ( /5 marks) Give an example of a relational algebra expression defining a materialized view and
two situations (for the differentials) such that incremental view maintenance is better than
recomputation (recomputing the materialized view from scratch) in one situation (2.5 marks),
and recomputation is better in the other situation (2.5 marks). Hint: think about different values for
x between 0 and 100, where you insert x% tuples are deleted.

Related Discussions:- query optimization

Expressions - syntax, Expressions   An expression is a randomly comple...

Expressions   An expression is a randomly complex combination of the constants, variables, literals, operators, & function calls. The simplest expression is the single variabl

Example of shorthand for a row constraint - sql, Example of Shorthand for a...

Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);

Theory of catastrophism or catalysm - origin of life, THEO R Y OF CATASTR...

THEO R Y OF CATASTROPHISM OR CATALYSM (CUVIER 1769-1832) - The world has passed thorugh several stages and at the end of each stage there was a catastrophe killing all the

Records - syntax, Records Records are the items of the type RECORD. The...

Records Records are the items of the type RECORD. The Records have exclusively named fields that can store the data values of various types. And hence, a record treat associate

Package body, The Package Body The package specification is implemented...

The Package Body The package specification is implemented by the package body. That is, the package body has the definition of every cursor and the subprogram declared in the p

Operator precedence-pl/sql expressions , Operator Precedence The operati...

Operator Precedence The operations within an expression are completed in a particular order depending on their precedence (priority). The table shows the default order of the op

Using count, Using COUNT The COUNT returns the number of elements that...

Using COUNT The COUNT returns the number of elements that a collection presently contains. For instance, when a varray projects contains 15 elements, then the following IF con

Inner join, Inner Join We have learned how to retrieve data from one t...

Inner Join We have learned how to retrieve data from one table by using SELECT statement. But, as we have learned, normalized relational databases mean the data is spread betw

Design a script and integrate procedures, Initial thought process: Design...

Initial thought process: Design a script which was simple and user friendly. Integrate procedures/functions to extract data under the hood. I focused on giving the user the opt

Synonyms- naming conventions, Synonyms You can create the synonyms to pr...

Synonyms You can create the synonyms to provide location transparency for the remote schema objects like tables, views, sequences, stand-alone subprograms, and packages. Though,

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd