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Explain Authorization and Integrity Manager ? Authorization and Integrity Manager: Tests for the satisfaction of integrity constraints and checks the authority of users to acce
Update Anomaly : This anomaly is occurred due to data redundancy. Redundant information makes updates more complex since, for example, varying the name of the instructor of MCS-014
Relations create the database. They must satisfy various properties, like no duplicate tuples, no ordering of tuples, and atomic attributes, etc. Relations that satisfy these basic
Let us first describe the term relationships. What Are Relationships? A relationship can be defined as: A set of associations or connection, or A rule for communic
define locking in simple language and decribed it
Illustrate the statement 'Projection operation distributes over the union operation'. Give an example. Ans: Π L (E 1 ∪ E 2 ) = (Π L (E 1 )) ∪ (Π L (E 2 )) This says th
Failure Controlling Methods: Failures can be handled using different recovery methods that are talk about later in the unit. But the first question is doing we really require recov
Let us now make the E-R diagram for the student database as per the explanation given in the previous section. We can also states the overall logical structure of a database usi
What is a query tree? Ans: A query tree, as well known as operator graph, is a tree data structure that corresponds to a relational algebra expression. It denotes the inpu
Discuss the types of integrity constraints in which must be checked for the update operations - Insert and Delete. Give examples. Insert operation can violet any of the subse
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