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Quantification in SQL
To quantify something, as the theory book has it, is to state its quantity, to say how many of it there are. For example, in Tutorial D the expression COUNT(r) denotes the number of tuples in the relation r, to be interpreted as the number of objects represented by those tuples that satisfy a predicate that r is considered to represent. Universal quantification-stating that something is true of all objects under consideration-is involved in expressions such as
UTL_FILE: The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O,
DELETE Statement The DELETE statement eliminates whole rows of data from the specified table or view. Syntax:
Effects of NULL The numeric variable X, perhaps of type INTEGER, might be assigned NULL. In that case the result of evaluating X + 1 is NULL, and so SET Y = X + 1 assigns NULL
LOOP Statements The LOOP statements execute a series of statements at multiple times. The loops enclose the series of statements that is to be repeated. The PL/SQL provides typ
Cursor Variables As Parameters You can declare the cursor variables as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In the illustration below, you define the REF CUR
ROWID and UROWID Internally, every database table has a ROWID pseudo column that stores binary values known as rowids. Each rowid shows the storage address of a row. A physical
Initializing Records The illustration below shows that you can initialize a record in its type definition. Whenever you declare a record of the type TimeRec, its 3 fields supp
At times, customers make mistakes in submitting their orders and call to cancel the order. Brewbean’s wants to create a trigger that automatically updates the stock level of all pr
1. a. Write a trigger that fires when a part's price is updated. The trigger will write a record into a table called PriceUpdates. The record should contain the information of
Managing Cursors The PL/SQL uses 2 types of cursors: implicit and explicit. The PL/SQL declares a cursor implicitly for all the SQL data manipulation statements, including th
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