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Quantification in SQL
To quantify something, as the theory book has it, is to state its quantity, to say how many of it there are. For example, in Tutorial D the expression COUNT(r) denotes the number of tuples in the relation r, to be interpreted as the number of objects represented by those tuples that satisfy a predicate that r is considered to represent. Universal quantification-stating that something is true of all objects under consideration-is involved in expressions such as
query to Find the account numbers of all customers whose balance is more than 10,000 $
Cursor Variables As Parameters You can declare the cursor variables as the formal parameters of the functions and procedures. In the illustration below, you define the REF CUR
Advantages of Subprograms The Subprograms give extensibility; that is, tailor the PL/SQL language to suit your requirements. For illustration, if you require a procedure which
Tables within a Table - SQL Figure here is an exact copy of the one in the theory book and as before it is just an alternative way of representing some of the information con
%FOUND Until the SQL data manipulation statement is executed, the %FOUND yields NULL. Afterward, the %FOUND yields TRUE, when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected o
Ending Transactions A good quality programming practice is to commit or roll back every transaction explicitly. Whether you rollback or issue the commit in your PL/SQL program
Using EXTEND To enlarge the size of a collection, use EXTEND. This process has 3 forms. The EXTEND appends one null element to a collection. And the EXTEND(n) appends n null e
SELECT INTO Statement The SELECT INTO statement retrieve data from one or more database tables, and then assigns the selected values to the variables or fields. Syntax:
Left and Right Joins LEFT OUTER JOIN can be used when you want to retrieve the data from the main table (table1) even if there is no match in other tables (table_2, table_3...
Collection Methods: The collection method is a built-in function or procedure which operates on the collections and is called using the dot notation. The methods like the C
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