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Pulmonary Ventilation:Pulmonary ventilation is the process by which gasses flow between the atmosphere and lung alveoli. Air moves into the lungs when air pressure inside the lungs is less than the air pressure in the atmosphere and out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the atmosphere pressure. Breathing in is called inhalation or inspiration. Just before each inhalation air pressure inside the alveoli is equal to the atmospheric pressures, 760 rnmHg, and the intrapleural pressure is 756 mmHg. With inspiration, the cavity of the thorax is enlarged as external intercostals muscles and the diaphragm contract causing a decrease in the intrapleural pressure to about 754 mmHg. The parietal pleura lining the cavity is pulled outward in all direction and the visceral pleura and lungs are pulled along with it. As the lung volume increases in this way the pressure inside the lungs i.e. 760 mmHg drops to 758 mmHg. Thus a pressure difference is established between the atmosphere and alveoli and air flows into the lungs from the atmosphere. Breathing out or exhalation (expiration) starts when the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm relaxes, the dome of the diaphragm moves up, the ribs are depressed leading to decrease in the lung volume and increase in the lung pressure (763 rnm Hg). Air flows out form the area of higher pressure to the area of lower pressure in the atmosphere. The elastic recoil of the chest wall and the lungs is due to the recoil of elastic fibers and the inward pull of surface tension due to the alveolar fluid. A thin layer of alveolar fluid coats the surface of the alveoli and exerts a force known as surface tension. Exhalation is a passive process while inhalation or inspiration is an active process.
Use of genital herpes in pregnancy Although acyclovir is not approved for treatment of pregnant women, its use during pregnancy has not been associated with an increased risk
S-Gene The S-gene has been suggested to be a super gene complex with several linked genes. It is supposed to have at least six (may he more) closely-linked genes which determi
human genome project
In most cases, the transcription factors in eukaryotes which bind to promoter or enhancer sequences are activator proteins which induce transcription. That proteins gen
Q. Explain Spoilage of pasteurized milk? You would recall that pasteurization is one of the techniques to control and destroy the pathogenic, as well as, .spoilage bacteria i
A classic study of extrasensory perception tests the ability of one person to read another's mind. The test uses five cards with different designs, all known to both participants.
How do we Treat Protein Energy Malnutrition? Major objective of the treatment of PEM is to provide adequate energy and protein intake and control infections, if any. Mild and m
Glycerol can act as a substrate for glucose synthesis by conversion to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and an intermediate in gluconeogenesis. In order for citric acid cycle pyruva
What is peristomium. Describe? The segment behind the prostomium in annelids which contains the oral opening. This segment like the prostomium isn't a true segment and has no s
Q. How does one get infected by Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli gastroenteritis(ETEC)? Infection occurs when a person eats food or drinks water or ice contaminated with ETEC
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