Protoplasm, Biology

Assignment Help:

Protoplasm

  • Also known as bioplast.
  • It is gelly like & semi liquid in appearance.
  • It is translucent in nature.
  • It is colourless, oderless, viscous, elastic & granular in nature.
  • Protoplasm is essential for life.
  • Protoplasm is the fluid along with all the structures of cell bounded with in the limits of cell membrane.
  • Protoplasm includes plasmalemma, cytoplasm & nucleus.
  • Different types of granules are embeded in it, capable to perform all vital activities, so protoplasm is vector for vital activities.
  • Strusburger differentiated protoplasm into somatoplasm & germplasm in body.
  • In Amoeba somatoplasm & germplasm are not differentiated so body is known as soma.
  • Main component of protoplasm is water, functions as solvent.
  • By increasing age water conetents are reduced so activity becomes dull.
  • In dorment seed water is less as a result seeds are inactive.
  • According to Renke & Roderwald analysis of protoplasm is not possible in living state because most of the reactions are exothermic.
  • On analysis water, CO & amonia are formed.
  • Due to proteins protoplasm is coloidal in nature.
  • It is polyphagic and reversible.
  • Acidic group of protein controls chemical equilibrium.
  • Protoplasm is crystallo-colloidal mixture, explained by Fisher & Hardy.
  • It's particle size is .001m to .1m..
  • In colloidal sol, gel, arosol & emulsion are clear.
  • Except arosol remaining 3 present in living system.
  • Colloidal system is composed of 2 stages-

(i) Dispersion phase/ Continuous form / Intermicellus

(ii) Dispersed phase/ discontinuous form/ micellus

  • On the basis of these 2 stages, colloids are of following types -

(A) Sol - Dispersion phase is liquid. Dispersed phase is solid. In sol stage protoplasm in less viscous. Sol stage occure in many living cells. It is less granular. Protein chain is more folded.

(B) Gel - Dispersion phase is solid. Dispersed phase is liquid. Protoplasm is more viscous. It is more granular. Protein chain is unfolded.

  • Sol stage provides          - Cyclosis, Brownian movements, High reactivity to protoplasm.
  • Gel stage provides          - Elasticity, Contractibility, Rigidity, Viscosity
  • Sol gel stages are interchangeable, so protoplasm is a reversible colloidal system.
  • Non-living colloids are irreversible.
  • Protoplasm has motion because of cyclosis, brownian movement & amoeboid movement.
  • These movement depends on  - age of cells, amount of water, genetic factors, chemical composition of protoplasm.
  • With increase in age, brownian movement is stoped.
  • So, ultimately it becomes inactive i.e. death of protoplasm.
  • Mg+2 controls sol gel stages.
  • Sol gel conversion is a physico chemical reaction.

(c) Emulsion

  • Two liquids of different density are mixed, e.g. haemolymph.

(d) Aerosol

  • Solid particles are dispersed in gas.

Related Discussions:- Protoplasm

Define natural adulteration - types of adulteration, Define Natural Adulter...

Define Natural Adulteration - Types of Adulteration? These are the chemicals, organic compounds or radicals which are naturally present in the food and are harmful to the healt

What is the relationship between these cells and hiv, Q. What are CD4 lymph...

Q. What are CD4 lymphocytes? What is the relationship between these cells and HIV? How does HIV replicate? The CD4 lymphocytes are T helper lymphocytes that present in their pl

Explain exotic species, Explain exotic species? Describe with the help ...

Explain exotic species? Describe with the help of two examples how the exotic species disturb the native species of an ecosystem ?

Implications of pharmacogenomic research, Problem 1: Describe the funct...

Problem 1: Describe the functions of: a. Glutathione transferases b. Sulfotransferases. -Describe the functions of: a. Glutathione transferases Describe the functions of

Sterigmatocystin, These mycotoxins are structurally and biologically relat...

These mycotoxins are structurally and biologically related to the aflatoxins, and like the latter, they cause hepatocarcinogenic activity in animals. Among the organisms that prod

Why iron is required as a part of haemoglobin, Why Iron is required as a pa...

Why Iron is required as a part of haemoglobin? As a part of haemoglobin, iron is required for the transport of oxygen, to all cells in the body. Thus, haemoglobin is critical f

Indications for surgery-pulmonary regurgitation, Indications for Surgery : ...

Indications for Surgery : Patients usually present with fatigue, dyspnoea and ventricular arrhythmias. If they have additional tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary valve replacement

Define sex-linked inheritance of nonmendelian inheritance, Why is sex-linke...

Why is sex-linked inheritance an example of nonmendelian inheritance? The Sex-linked inheritance is a kind of nonmendelian inheritance because it opposes Mendel's first law, wh

Open pulmonary valvotonzy, Open Pulmonary Valvotonzy, I nfundibular Rese...

Open Pulmonary Valvotonzy, I nfundibular Resection and Trans Annular Patch :  The pulmonary annulus may be narrow based on pre-operative investigations and on measurement

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd