Promotion - stages of carcinogenesis, Biology

Assignment Help:

Promotion - Stages of carcinogenesis

The second stage or promotion is reversible and does not include changes in structure of DNA but rather in the expression of the genome of the initiated cell. This results from an interaction among the changed DNA structure and some environmental factors termed 'promoting agents'. The stage of promotion needs extended interaction with the promoting agent, if the third stage of progression is to be teached. Figure describes the process of promotion in a simplified way. A single application of an initiator to the skin of a mouse produces initiated cells but no tumor

1743_Promotion.png

Figure:  The concept of initiation and promotion 

(a) However, if the initiator is applied to the skin first then subsequent application of the promoter results in tumor

(b) If the promoter is withdrawn the tumor regresses leaving behind initiated cells and continued application of promoter on tumor bearing skin lends to invasive carcinoma.

(c) The application of a promoter alone to the skin also does not produce tumor

(d) If the promoter is applied before the initiator is applied even then no tumor is formed.


Related Discussions:- Promotion - stages of carcinogenesis

Explain in detail about the optic nerve, Explain in detail about the optic ...

Explain in detail about the optic nerve The optic nerve contains more than one million axons that initiate in the ganglion cell layer of the retina. This structure originatcs a

Acetylcholine, Acetylcholine is the chemical released at neuromuscular jun...

Acetylcholine is the chemical released at neuromuscular junctions which binds to receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane of the muscle cells, creating an electrical impuls

Urea molasses mineral block (ummb) licks, Urea molasses mineral block (UMMB...

Urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) licks Development of urea molasses mineral block licks is another technology being increasingly used in several parts of India and such lick

Molecular bio, he recombinant plasmid extracted from the surviving colonies...

he recombinant plasmid extracted from the surviving colonies contains a gene called SUC2 that codes for convertase, an enzyme needed to metabolize sucrose. Mutations in the SNF gen

Parts of a typical flower with all its definations , parts of a typical fl...

parts of a typical flower? define its parts and internal parts completely? show complete colourful diagram?

Modalities available for sterilization, Modalities Available for Sterilizat...

Modalities Available for Sterilization The most accepted methods of sterilization can be classified as follows: Physical Agents: These comprise of: Sunlight Drying

How do the climate affect the growth of population, Q. How do the availabil...

Q. How do the availability of water and light and the climate affect the growth of a population? The availability of light and water and the climate are abiotic factors that li

Why are lysosomes known as the cleaners of the cell waste, Q. Why are lysos...

Q. Why are lysosomes known as "the cleaners" of the cell waste? Lysosomes carry out heterophagic and autophagic digestion autophagic digestion by digesting residual substances

Explain restriction endonucleases are enzymes, Restriction endonucleases ar...

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which: 1. make cuts at specific positions within the DNA molecule 2. recognize a specific nucleotide sequence for binding of DNA ligase

Indications for surgery- pulmonary stenosis, Indications for Surgery :  Co...

Indications for Surgery :  Congenital pulmonic stenosis is the most common lesion requiring relief. Very rarely it could be due to rheumatic involvement along with disease of othe

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd