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Define cardinality and participation constraints on a relationship type, completeness constraint on generalization. Ans: Cardinality defines the number of entities to wh
Types of data independence Data independence can be classified into the following two types: Physical Data Independence: This means that for any change made in the physi
Object-oriented decompositions Object-oriented decompositions of systems better are able to cope with change. Each subsystem has a well-defined interface which communicates with
Describe the algorithm to draw the dependency graph? Ans: Algorithm to draw Precedence Graph is like this: a. For every transaction T i participating in schedule S, make
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
what benefit can a company gain by managing its own infrasture and services
By using the delete operation some consisting records can be deleted from a relation. To delete some definite records from the database a condition is also specified based on which
what is natural join?
Discuss the problem of Spurious tuples and how we may prevent it. Ans: A spurious tuple is, mainly, a record in a database that gets created while two tables are joined bad
Explain the concepts of relational data model? Relational Data Model - The relational model was first introduced through Prof. E.F. Codd of the IBM Research in the year 1970
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