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init_lcd ;(this initialises a 2 row lcd) bcf TRISA,0 ;PORTA bit 0 as an output (lcd RS pin) bcf TRISA,1 ;PORTA bit 1 as an output (lcd R/W pin) bcf TRISA,2 ;PORTA bit 2 as an output (lcd E pin) bcf lcd_rs bcf lcd_rw bcf lcd_en movlw b'00110000' ;Instruction - function set. First of 3 call lcd_write call Delay5 ;wait MORE THAN 4.1mS movlw b'00110000' ;Instruction - function set. Second of 3 call lcd_write movlw .33 ;wait MORE THAN 100uS [(33 x 3) +1 +1 + (1 x 2)] - measured 102uS on scope movwf counta ;1 cycle decfsz counta ;1 cycle until true then a 2 cycle goto $-2 ;2 cycle instruction movlw b'00110000' ;Instruction - function set. Third of 3 call lcd_write movlw b'00111000' ;8 bit data / 2 line display / 5x8 character font call lcd_write call busy movlw b'00001111' ;instruction bit / display on / cursor position on / blinking cursor on call lcd_write call busy movlw b'00000001' call lcd_write call busy movlw b'00000110' ;increment cursor position by 1 / don't shift display call lcd_write call busy return ;return from initialization routinelcd_write movwf lcd_data ;data to port bsf lcd_en ;sets LCD enable pin high bcf lcd_en ;data is latched into lcd on high to low transition of E returnbusy bsf TRISC,7 ;was output when sending init data, now input to read busy flag bsf lcd_rw ;set high to read data from lcd bsf lcd_en ;enable btfsc lcd_busy ;is the busy flag low? goto $-2 ;no, go back and keep checking until it is bcf lcd_en ;busy flag now clear bcf lcd_rw ;set lcd back to write mode bcf TRISC,7 ;port bit as an output again returnDelay30 movlw .30 ;delay 30mS goto d0Delay5 movlw .5 ;delay 5msd0 movwf count1d1 movlw 0xC7 movwf counta movlw 0x01 movwf countbDelay_0 decfsz counta goto $+6 decfsz countb goto Delay_0 decfsz count1 goto d1 retlw .0 ;return from the delay routine
MLIL: Unsigned Multiplication Byte or Word: This instruction multiplies an unsigned byte or word by the contents of the AL. The unsigned byte or word can be in any one of the gene
Assembler Directives and Operators The major advantage of machine language programming is directly that the memory control is in the hands of the programmer, so that, he can be
64-bit integer calculator, which processes using 16-bits at a time (reg/mem16 operands)
what is sahf nstrucions
Problems: 1. Write a single program. Each of the problems (2-4) should be written within a procedure. Your “main” procedure should call each procedure. Before calling each proc
to separate positive and negative numbers
Instruction Formats A machine language instruction format has 1 or more number of fields linked with it. The first field is known as operation code field or op code field, whic
The addressing modes for the sequential control transfer instructions are described below: 1. Immediate: Immediate data is a part of instruction,in this type of addressin
DMA DMA stands for Direct Memory Access It is uses same Address/Data lines on ISA bus It controls the ISA bus instead of the processor ("bus master") Floppy
CALL : Unconditional Call:- This instruction is utilized to call a subroutine from a basic program. In case of assembly language programming, the term procedure is utilized int
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