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init_lcd ;(this initialises a 2 row lcd) bcf TRISA,0 ;PORTA bit 0 as an output (lcd RS pin) bcf TRISA,1 ;PORTA bit 1 as an output (lcd R/W pin) bcf TRISA,2 ;PORTA bit 2 as an output (lcd E pin) bcf lcd_rs bcf lcd_rw bcf lcd_en movlw b'00110000' ;Instruction - function set. First of 3 call lcd_write call Delay5 ;wait MORE THAN 4.1mS movlw b'00110000' ;Instruction - function set. Second of 3 call lcd_write movlw .33 ;wait MORE THAN 100uS [(33 x 3) +1 +1 + (1 x 2)] - measured 102uS on scope movwf counta ;1 cycle decfsz counta ;1 cycle until true then a 2 cycle goto $-2 ;2 cycle instruction movlw b'00110000' ;Instruction - function set. Third of 3 call lcd_write movlw b'00111000' ;8 bit data / 2 line display / 5x8 character font call lcd_write call busy movlw b'00001111' ;instruction bit / display on / cursor position on / blinking cursor on call lcd_write call busy movlw b'00000001' call lcd_write call busy movlw b'00000110' ;increment cursor position by 1 / don't shift display call lcd_write call busy return ;return from initialization routinelcd_write movwf lcd_data ;data to port bsf lcd_en ;sets LCD enable pin high bcf lcd_en ;data is latched into lcd on high to low transition of E returnbusy bsf TRISC,7 ;was output when sending init data, now input to read busy flag bsf lcd_rw ;set high to read data from lcd bsf lcd_en ;enable btfsc lcd_busy ;is the busy flag low? goto $-2 ;no, go back and keep checking until it is bcf lcd_en ;busy flag now clear bcf lcd_rw ;set lcd back to write mode bcf TRISC,7 ;port bit as an output again returnDelay30 movlw .30 ;delay 30mS goto d0Delay5 movlw .5 ;delay 5msd0 movwf count1d1 movlw 0xC7 movwf counta movlw 0x01 movwf countbDelay_0 decfsz counta goto $+6 decfsz countb goto Delay_0 decfsz count1 goto d1 retlw .0 ;return from the delay routine
how to write the alp for matrix addition in microprocessor 8086?
8237 modes : Intel 8237 can be set to four different type of style of transfer: 1) Single - One transfer at a time, it allow processor access to the bus between transfers
The Pentium The next member of the Intel family of microprocessors was the Pentium, introduced in the year 1993. With the Pentium, Intel broke its custom of numeric model name
1- Write an assembly program that: a- Defines an array of 10 (word type)elements; b- Finds out the number of negative elements c- Calculate the summation of the posi
Port Mapped I/O or I/O Mapped I/O I/O devices are mapped into a separate address space. This is generally accomplished by having a different set of signal lines to denote a mem
SHORT : The SHORT operator denoted to the assembler that only one byte is needed to code the displacement for a jump (for example displacement is within -128 to +127 bytes fr
As an instance of the normal priority mode, imagine that initially AEOI is equal to 0 and all the ISR and IMR bits are clear. Also consider that, as shown in given figure, requests
Machine Level Programs In this section, a few machine levels programming instance, rather then, instruction sequences are presented for comparing the 8086 programming with that
Program Translation Sequence Developing a software program to accomplish a particular task, the implementer chooses an appropriate language, develops the algorithm (a sequence
Write an Lc-3 assembly language program to read in a sequence of single-digit positive integers from the keyboard(one integer per line) until the sentinel value of 0 is reached and
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