Processing of wastes from food industry, Biology

Assignment Help:


Processing of wastes from food industry


Various cellulosic wastes are available abundantly from food processing industry such as fruits and vegetable processing, breweries, starch manufacturing, dairy, pulp and paper manufacturing. These wastes are invariably having high moisture content and low nutritive value but these are palatable and can be consumed by the livestock without much problem. However, these underutilized materials frequently present problems for disposal besides causing air and water pollution. In view of their large availability and perishable nature, technologies have been developed for their utilization for feeding to the animals. For the preservation of high moisture feedstuffs following methods can be employed:


Drying: Though drying under sun is not a problem in India, this is not practicable as it requires lot of labour and space to reduce its moisture content to 8-10%. Employing the electrical drier is neither feasible nor economical under the present scenario.


Ensiling: High moisture feeds care not to be ensiled; however, mixing of such feeds with dry feeds such as straws and thereafter ensiling can be possible. But the Indian farmers are not familiar with the ensiling process and it involves labour and risk of putrefaction of ensiled material in case of any negligence.


Chemical preservation: Some chemicals such as urea and common salt may be mixed with high moisture feeds under air tight conditions. Apple pomace, a byproduct available after the juice extraction, can be used as such or after drying and enriching with nitrogen supplements. It was observed that urea enriched apple pomace can replace maize grain from the concentrate mixtures without affecting their production performance (Table 8.4). Similarly, the other high moisture wastes such as maize bran (from starch industry), spent grains (breweries) and potato wastes etc can be preserved for animal feeding. Low levels of apple pomace can be incorporated into compounded feed in place of molasses.
Fresh maize bran can be preserved by ensiling either with urea (4% DM basis or with common salt (2% DM) for one month in air tight conditions as presence of oxygen spoils this feedstuff even after treatment. Maize bran can also be utilized by the

 

C P

C F

A s h

E E

N F E

C a

P

Apple pomace

5.5

16.4

-

-

-

0.03

0.12

Brewers yeast

49.9

1.5

8.5

1.3

38.8

0.13

1.56

Spent barley

27.8

12.6

4.9

8.0

46.7

0.16

0.65

Cottonseed hulls

3.9

30.0

3.6

8.8

43.7

0.13

0.06

Groundnut shell

4.9

68.4

7.4

0.6

18.7

0.25

0.06

Groundnut haulms

14.7

30.9

11.8

3.6

38.9

2.27

0.39

Cassava leaves

29.0

16.7

8.6

6.2

39.5

1.17

0.62

Potato haulms

10.9

27.0

13.5

4.3

44.3

0.05

0.15

Orange pomace

6.9

13.1

7.1

2.8

70.1

N D

N D

Cabbage waste

21.6

10.3

9.0

1.1

58.0

N D

N D

Okra waste

20.0

34.5

7.6

9.8

28.1

N D

N D

Tomato pomace

23.9

32.2

3.5

15.3

25.1

N D

N D

 

ammoniation with 4% urea (DM basis) of its mixture with paddy straw (1: 1, fresh wt. basis) following the ensiling for one month. This approach not only makes the urea treatment of straws less laborious (no need for making the urea solution and its spraying) but also provides the avenue for the preservation and improvement in the nutritional value of maize bran or other similar high moisture wastes.

 


Related Discussions:- Processing of wastes from food industry

Hormones secreted by thyroid gland, Hormone s . The thyroid gland secretes...

Hormone s . The thyroid gland secretes following hormones. Thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine or T 4 )' and tri-iodothyronine or T 3 are secreted by the thyroid follicular cells.

How enzyme to cut two pieces of dna, Critical Thinking Why is it necessary ...

Critical Thinking Why is it necessary to use the same restriction enzyme to cut two pieces of DNA that are to be joined together? As each restriction enzyme recognizes a specif

Endosperm with micropylar haustorium, Endosperm with micropylar Haustorium ...

Endosperm with micropylar Haustorium A very prominent and aggressive micropylar haustorium is seen in Impatiens. Here the division of the primary endosperm nucleus is followed

What result from unbridled continued of the population, Relative to carryin...

Relative to carrying capacity, what may result from unbridled continued growth of our population.

Which kind of gamete produced by a heterozygous individual, Which is the ki...

Which is the kind of gamete produced by a heterozygous individual? And what is the genotypical proportion of these gametes? The Heterozygous individuals, for instance, AA, prod

What is implant prior to stage 2 surgery, Enumerate the different means of ...

Enumerate the different means of evaluating the implant prior to stage 2 surgery. The Different means for evaluating the implant prior to stage 2; i) Radiographic evaluation

Diastolic heart failure, Unfortunately, unlike heart failure due to systoli...

Unfortunately, unlike heart failure due to systolic dysfunction, diastolic heart failure has been studied in few clinical trials, so there is little evidence to guide the care of p

Where smooth muscle may be found in human body, a) Name three parts of the ...

a) Name three parts of the body where smooth (involuntary or unstriated) muscle may be found. b) In any one of your examples, say what the smooth muscle does.

Explain separation of homologous chromosomes, Q. What are the respective fu...

Q. What are the respective functions of the separation of homologous chromosomes and of the separation of alike chromatids in meiosis? The separation of homologous chromosomes

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd