Processing of wastes from food industry, Biology

Assignment Help:


Processing of wastes from food industry


Various cellulosic wastes are available abundantly from food processing industry such as fruits and vegetable processing, breweries, starch manufacturing, dairy, pulp and paper manufacturing. These wastes are invariably having high moisture content and low nutritive value but these are palatable and can be consumed by the livestock without much problem. However, these underutilized materials frequently present problems for disposal besides causing air and water pollution. In view of their large availability and perishable nature, technologies have been developed for their utilization for feeding to the animals. For the preservation of high moisture feedstuffs following methods can be employed:


Drying: Though drying under sun is not a problem in India, this is not practicable as it requires lot of labour and space to reduce its moisture content to 8-10%. Employing the electrical drier is neither feasible nor economical under the present scenario.


Ensiling: High moisture feeds care not to be ensiled; however, mixing of such feeds with dry feeds such as straws and thereafter ensiling can be possible. But the Indian farmers are not familiar with the ensiling process and it involves labour and risk of putrefaction of ensiled material in case of any negligence.


Chemical preservation: Some chemicals such as urea and common salt may be mixed with high moisture feeds under air tight conditions. Apple pomace, a byproduct available after the juice extraction, can be used as such or after drying and enriching with nitrogen supplements. It was observed that urea enriched apple pomace can replace maize grain from the concentrate mixtures without affecting their production performance (Table 8.4). Similarly, the other high moisture wastes such as maize bran (from starch industry), spent grains (breweries) and potato wastes etc can be preserved for animal feeding. Low levels of apple pomace can be incorporated into compounded feed in place of molasses.
Fresh maize bran can be preserved by ensiling either with urea (4% DM basis or with common salt (2% DM) for one month in air tight conditions as presence of oxygen spoils this feedstuff even after treatment. Maize bran can also be utilized by the

 

C P

C F

A s h

E E

N F E

C a

P

Apple pomace

5.5

16.4

-

-

-

0.03

0.12

Brewers yeast

49.9

1.5

8.5

1.3

38.8

0.13

1.56

Spent barley

27.8

12.6

4.9

8.0

46.7

0.16

0.65

Cottonseed hulls

3.9

30.0

3.6

8.8

43.7

0.13

0.06

Groundnut shell

4.9

68.4

7.4

0.6

18.7

0.25

0.06

Groundnut haulms

14.7

30.9

11.8

3.6

38.9

2.27

0.39

Cassava leaves

29.0

16.7

8.6

6.2

39.5

1.17

0.62

Potato haulms

10.9

27.0

13.5

4.3

44.3

0.05

0.15

Orange pomace

6.9

13.1

7.1

2.8

70.1

N D

N D

Cabbage waste

21.6

10.3

9.0

1.1

58.0

N D

N D

Okra waste

20.0

34.5

7.6

9.8

28.1

N D

N D

Tomato pomace

23.9

32.2

3.5

15.3

25.1

N D

N D

 

ammoniation with 4% urea (DM basis) of its mixture with paddy straw (1: 1, fresh wt. basis) following the ensiling for one month. This approach not only makes the urea treatment of straws less laborious (no need for making the urea solution and its spraying) but also provides the avenue for the preservation and improvement in the nutritional value of maize bran or other similar high moisture wastes.

 


Related Discussions:- Processing of wastes from food industry

Define principle for iodine number estimation - lipids, Define Principle fo...

Define Principle for Iodine Number Estimation - Lipids? Iodine number is defined as the number of grams of iodine absorbed by 100 grams of fat, it gives an idea of the relative

Explain treatment of acute pericarditis, Q. Explain Treatment of Acute peri...

Q. Explain Treatment of Acute pericarditis? Symptomatic Treatment Pain relief can be achieved with indomethacin 25 to 50 mg. thrice daily; Ibuprofen 600 mg. thrice daily

Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, Q. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus? Time...

Q. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus? Timely and proper diagnosis plays a key role not only in identifying new cases but also in managing old cases with or without diabetic compli

Viscosity of gastrointestinal contents delay absorption, Explain Viscosity ...

Explain Viscosity of Gastrointestinal Contents Delay Absorption? 1. Inadequate mixing of luminal contents due to increased viscosity may slow the movement of digestive enzymes

Methods to overcome incompatibility, Methods to Overcome Incompatibility ...

Methods to Overcome Incompatibility It has been possible to facilitate the germination of incompatible pollen by extracting pollen wall proteins from compatible pollen and su

Lipogenesis, Anabolism and Lipogenesis : Beside  the glucose  stored  as gl...

Anabolism and Lipogenesis : Beside  the glucose  stored  as glycogen  some  glucose of  blood  isanabolized in everybody cell, into  structural  polysaccharides for  growth. Repair

Zoology, Protozoa general characters and classification

Protozoa general characters and classification

Zoonoses disease- colibacillosis, Colibacillosis Colibacillosis is caused ...

Colibacillosis Colibacillosis is caused by different strains of Escherichia coli. The disease mainly affects children and travelers. Organisms grow in gut and produce toxin. It ma

Explain the nerve centres which control the body temperature, The nerve cen...

The nerve centres which control the body temperature and the urge for eating recontained in: 1.  Hypothalamus 2. Pons 3. Cerebellum 4. Thalamus Hypothalamus is the

Bio-informational homework, Determine sequence weights for the sequences AC...

Determine sequence weights for the sequences ACTA, ACTT, CGTT, and AGAT in problem 1 by using Thompson, Higgins, and Gibson method

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd