Principle of echocardiography, Biology

Assignment Help:

Echocardiography Utilizes principle of ultrasound for visualization of heart and great vessels. It uses sound in the frequency of 1-10 MHz. As the frequency of probe increases resolution improves at the cost of reduction of penetration. Due to thichchest wall in adults, probes with frequency range of 2-5 MHz are used and for paediatric application higher frequency of 7.5-10 MHz probes are used because of thin chest wall.

The underlying principle of cardiac ultrasonography is that speed of sound through tissue is equal to that in water. The transducer which has a Peizoelectric crystal emits a seriels of burst at a given frequency which is reflected from cardiac and other slmctures and is returned to the transducer. These received ultrasound waves ade then displayed as images of cardiac structures on monitor screen and can be stored in videotape, hard disc or optical disc.

The distance of the i-eflective object from the transducers can be  calculated by determining the  time  required for round trip transit.

Distance (meters) = Velocity  (meterslsecond) / Time (second)

Velocity = Velocity of sound

The returning strength of ultrasound signal  is directly proportional  to the reflective  intensity of the object and  is  in  integrated into displayed image. Echocardiography provides valuable information  regarding diagnosis, valvular morphology, etiology, identification and quantification of lesions, cardiac size and  function, intracardiac hemodynamics and disorders of pericardium and great vessels.

There are various echocardiographic techniques available:

1)  Transthoracic echocardiography

2)  Transesophageal echocardiography

3)  Stress  echocardiography:

a)  Exercise

b)  Pharmacological

4)  Fetal echocardiography

5) Contrast echocardiography

6) 3-D  echocardiography

7)  Intravascular ultrasound

Most commonly used  technique  is transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Others require  further skill and expertise, once the physician has acquired the skills of TTE.


Related Discussions:- Principle of echocardiography

Pennetula, identifying characters of pennetula

identifying characters of pennetula

Conductometry, Highlight ten applications of conductometry and explain four...

Highlight ten applications of conductometry and explain four in detail

Effect of alcohol on human body, EFFECT OF ALCOHOL - 1 .       EFFECT...

EFFECT OF ALCOHOL - 1 .       EFFECT ON NERVOUS SYSTEM - Alcohol has an anesthetic effect on nervous system. It affects orientation, alertness, coordination, judgement

Open style - style of stigma interaction, Open Style - Style of Stigma Inte...

Open Style - Style of Stigma Interaction Aegle, Fritillaria, Lilium spp. have variable number of stylar canals depending on the number of carpels. The epidermal cells of styla

What are sensory receptors, What are sensory receptors? Sensory recepto...

What are sensory receptors? Sensory receptors are structures specialized in the acquiring of information, such as temperature, mechanical pressure, pH, chemical environment and

Diagnosis of multiple myeloma, Which of the following abnormal blood work r...

Which of the following abnormal blood work results is most closely associated with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma? A. Extremely high levels of abnormal lymphocytes B. Low potassiu

Define types of dryers, Define types of Dryers? There are many other dr...

Define types of Dryers? There are many other dryer types available, such as; Osmotic Drying Impingement Drying Microwave and Dielectric Drying Superheated

Digestion, summarise the comparative anatomy of the digestive system of the...

summarise the comparative anatomy of the digestive system of the invertebrate and the vertebrate.

Chemical reactions which are catalysed by enzymes, Give two examples of che...

Give two examples of chemical reactions which are catalysed by enzymes in the course of brewing.  In the course of brewing, enzymes in the grain catalyse the conversion of star

Cytogenetics, describe five features of chromosomes used in cytogenetic ana...

describe five features of chromosomes used in cytogenetic analysis?

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd