Poultry and duck diseases-duck plague, duck hepatitis duck h, Biology

Assignment Help:

Duck plague

Duck plague, caused by a member of Herpesviridae, has world wide distribution and occurs among domestic and wild ducks, geese, swans and waterfowls.


Epidemiology:
Major epidemics of duck plague are being from major duck breeding countries at regular intervals. The clinical features are anorexia, depression, ruffled feathers, photophobia, and extreme thirst, ataxia leading to recumbency, tremors and watery diarrhoea. Morbidity and mortality vary from 5 to 100%. Ducks showing clinical signs invariably die. On autopsy, extensive vasculitis, blood in body cavities including the GI tract, petechial haemorrhages on various organs are some of the pathological changes seen. Besides, diphtheritic plaques in esophagus, caecum, rectum, cloaca and bursa are also noticed.


Diagnosis:
It is diagnosed by clinical signs, postmortem findings, mortality pattern and demonstration of intranuclear inclusion bodies in various organs. FAT is used for laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis.


Control: The disease can be effectively controlled by using chick embryo-adapted attenuated vaccine.

Duck hepatitis


Duck hepatitis, caused by an avian Enterovirus under the genus Enterovirus of  Picornaviridae family, was first recognized in 1945 in ducks reared in Long Island, New York. There is only one serotype, and the natural history of virus is similar to that of avian encephalomyelitis virus. Goslings, turkeys and poults, chicks of guinea fowl and quails, but not chickens, are susceptible to experimental infection. The disease predominantly occurs in ducklings of less than 21 days of age. The disease runs a swift course, involving the entire flock within 3 days and resulting in almost 100% mortality. The affected birds exhibit certain typical clinical signs, viz. standing still with closed eyes, falling to one side, paddling spasmodically and dying in a few hours. The necropsy findings are mainly restricted to involvement of liver which is enlarged, oedematous and mottled with hemorrhages. Encephalitis with neuronal necrosis, gliosis and perivascular cuffing is present. The virus may be isolated in cell cultures or in 10 day old embryonated hen eggs (allantoic inoculation) . FAT is also used for early diagnosis of the viral antigen. Duck hepatitis needs to be differentially diagnosed from duck plague and Newcastle disease. Recovered ducks are immune. The disease is controlled by using attenuated, egg-adapted virus vaccine. Hyperimmune serum is helpful in saving in-contact birds and reducing losses during outbreaks.


Related Discussions:- Poultry and duck diseases-duck plague, duck hepatitis duck h

EMBRYOLOGY., WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF EGG ON THE BASIS OF YOLK ?

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF EGG ON THE BASIS OF YOLK ?

Discuss eukaryotic replication, Question 1 Discuss eukaryotic replication ...

Question 1 Discuss eukaryotic replication Question 2 Write an account on eukaryotic transcription factors Question 3 Write a detailed account on eukaryotic translation e

Describe digestion of this breakfast, Your breakfast consists of a cup of b...

Your breakfast consists of a cup of black coffee with sugar as well as a plain bagel covered with cream cheese. Describe the digestion of this breakfast as it passes through each m

Explain about adhesive tape of many varieties, Explain about Adhesive tape ...

Explain about Adhesive tape of many varieties Adhesive tape of many varieties with backing materials coated with an adhesive to keep the dressing in place. The adhesive bandage

Parasternal position, Examination is begun by placing the transducer in l...

Examination is begun by placing the transducer in left parasternal region, usually in the third or fourth left intercostal space. From this position, a sector image of the heart

Taxonomy, what arachnid is beneficial

what arachnid is beneficial

Define intermediary metabolites of an athletes, Define Intermediary Metabol...

Define Intermediary Metabolites of an Athletes? Coenzyme Q10 - for the physically active; Co-Q 10 activates cell energy. While you carry out any physical act; run, jump, throw,

Determine the long buccal nerve, Long buccal nerve The long buccal nerv...

Long buccal nerve The long buccal nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve which provides sensory innervation to the buccal gingiva and mucosa of th

Name the three types of joints in human skeleton, Describe giving one examp...

Describe giving one example of each, the three types of joints in human skeleton, based on the capacity of movement. A patient was complaining of frequent urination, excessive

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd