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Policy conflicts
In their attempts to achieve the policy objectives, governments often face what are called conflict of objectives. These arise partly because unlike private individuals, governments strive to achieve a multiplicity of objectives.
For instance, a more equal income distribution certainly conflicts with efficiency in the economic system (which reduces, the total output available for everyone).
Secondly, a fiscal policy which is meant to control unemployment may cause inflation if it achieves full employment or policies to combat inflation might call for a cut in public expenditure which in the short-run may lead to a higher rate of unemployment and a less equitable distribution of income and wealth.
Also the policy of maintaining low council houses rents on equity grounds results in long waiting list; this may be undesirable on efficiency grounds as it acts as a barrier to labour mobility and this in turn may increase unemployment.
A fiscal policy meant to cure balance of payments may not just reduce demand for imports but also reduces demand for domestically produced goods. This in turn can have a knock on effect in the form of lower output and higher unemployment.
PHILLIPS CURVE The Phillips curve, named after A. W. Phillips, describes the relationship between unemployment and inflation. In 1958 Phillips, then professor a
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