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Picture Clause:
The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item.
These characteristics are elaborated below:
Class:
In COBOL the data item may be one of the 3 classes - numeric, alphabetic or alphanumeric. The numeric items consist only of digits 0 to 9. The Alphabetic items consist only of the letters A to Z (a to z) and the space (blank) character. The alphanumeric may consist of alphabets, digits as well as the special characters.
RESERVE clause: This clause indicates the number of buffers to be used for the file. Integer-1 specifies this number. ORGANIZATION/ACCESS clause: These two clause
STATEMENTS FOR SEQUENTIAL FILES: A basic operation on a file includes the reading and writing of its records. Whenever the file is sequential, there are three verbs for the
Structure of a COBOL Program: Every COBOL program should have the 4 divisions in the order in which they are specified below: 1. Identification division 2. Environment D
READ STATEMENT: The aim of this verb is to make available the next logical record from the input file. It is important to note the meaning of the "next" logical record in the
File Description for the Relative and Indexed Files: The FD entry for a relative or an indexed file is similar to that of a sequential file. Some compilers do not permit varia
PROGRAM FOR ELECTRICITY BILL: An electricity company supplies electricity to 4 types of customers coded 1, 2, 3 & 4.The rate schedule for customers is shown in one table as
, (Comma) : A comma, whenever used in a picture, is considered as an insertion character and inserted wherever it become visible. There can be more than one comma in the pictu
Block Size: The normal practice is to group a number of consecutive records to form that is termed as a block or a physical record. The number of records in a block is frequen
we have input file ,record layout is EMP ID (6 char) , EMP NAME (20 char), Designation (3 char),Salary (5 digit) Base Branch (10char) Grade (3 Alphanumeric). This is the input file
INPUT AND OUTPUT PROCEDURE IN SORT STATEMENT: The common format of the SORT statement can write as shown below: The format of the RELEASE statement is as shown be
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