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Physics of radiation therapy
The probability of your having cancer during your lifetime is about 1 out of 4 .Currently three major methods are used alone or in combination to treat cancer:
Surgery, radiation therapy and drugs (chemotherapy).
The success of radiation therapy depends on :1- The type and extent of cancer.2- The skill of radiotherapist.3- The physician who specialized in the treatment.4- The kind of radiation used in the treatment.5- The accuracy with which the radiation is administered to the tumor.But because of the possibility of radiation –induced cancer ,it is generally safer to use other types of treatment when possible.The dose units used in radiotherapy:
Erythema dose: The quantity of x-ray that caused a reddening of the skin. Rontgen: A unit based on ionization in air (only for x-ray and gamma ray). Rad: is defined as 100 ergs/g ,that is a radiation beam that gives 100 ergs of energy to 1 gm of tissue gives the tissue an absorbed dose of 1 rad. Gray(Gy): it is the international (SI) unit of dose 1Gy=1J/kg since J=107 erg Gy =100 rad
Calculating unknown resistances The current through the galvanometer (G) - a very sensitive ammeter, is reduced to zero by adjusting R 4 . The bridge is then said to be balanc
For the circuit shown in Figure, calculate the current ?owing in the 25Ω load and the voltage drop across the load when (a) AS is half of AB, (b) point S coincides with poi
KINEMATICS I 1. x(t) is called displacement and it denotes the position of the body at a particular time. If the displacement is positive then that body is to the right of
The magnetic induction at a point 15 cm from a long straight wire carrying a current is 4 X 10 -6 T Compute the current. (J - 12) B = μ o I/2πa I = 2πa X B/μo Current I
Principle of Cell: To study electrical principles further we require a source of emf. Although an emf can be produced by any of the six methods discussed above, large amounts o
A wave front is a line or surface on which the disturbance has the similar phase at every position. If the source is periodic, it generates a succession of ray front, each of the s
Question: An optimistic model for a battery is just an ideal seat of EMF. A further realistic model commonly used to model actual batteries is Answer: Note that the i
State and prove law or Parallelogram of Froces
How is temporal coherence key of characteristics of laser? Temporal coherence: This coherence is a measure of the correlation among the phases of a light wave at various poi
what is principle of ac dynamo
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